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@ARTICLE{Liu:916376,
      author       = {Liu, Wei and Hegglin, Michaela I. and Checa-Garcia, Ramiro
                      and Li, Shouwei and Gillett, Nathan P. and Lyu, Kewei and
                      Zhang, Xuebin and Swart, Neil C.},
      title        = {{S}tratospheric ozone depletion and tropospheric ozone
                      increases drive {S}outhern {O}cean interior warming},
      journal      = {Nature climate change},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1758-678x},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-06176},
      pages        = {365 - 372},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Atmospheric ozone has undergone distinct changes in the
                      stratosphere and troposphere during the second half of the
                      twentieth century, with depletion in the stratosphere and an
                      increase in the troposphere. Until now, the effect of these
                      changes on ocean heat uptake has been unclear. Here we show
                      that both stratospheric and tropospheric ozone changes have
                      contributed to Southern Ocean interior warming with the
                      latter being more important. The ozone changes between 1955
                      and 2000 induced about $30\%$ of the net simulated ocean
                      heat content increase in the upper 2,000 m of the Southern
                      Ocean, with around $60\%$ attributed to tropospheric
                      increases and $40\%$ to stratospheric depletion. Moreover,
                      these two warming contributions show distinct physical
                      mechanisms: tropospheric ozone increases cause a subsurface
                      warming in the Southern Ocean primarily via the deepening of
                      isopycnals, while stratospheric ozone causes depletion via
                      spiciness changes along isopycnals. Our results highlight
                      that tropospheric ozone is more than an air pollutant and,
                      as a greenhouse gas, has been pivotal to the Southern Ocean
                      warming.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000777330500004},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41558-022-01320-w},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/916376},
}