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@ARTICLE{Manney:916377,
      author       = {Manney, Gloria L and Hegglin, Michaela I and Lawrence,
                      Zachary D},
      title        = {{S}easonal and regional signatures of {ENSO} in upper
                      tropospheric jet characteristics from reanalyses},
      journal      = {Journal of climate},
      volume       = {34},
      number       = {22},
      issn         = {0894-8755},
      address      = {Boston, Mass. [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {AMS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-06177},
      pages        = {9181–9200},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The relationship of upper tropospheric jet variability to
                      El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in reanalysis
                      datasets is analyzed for 1979–2018, revealing robust
                      regional and seasonal variability. Tropical jets associated
                      with monsoons and the Walker circulation are weaker and the
                      zonal mean subtropical jet shifts equatorward in both
                      hemispheres during El Niño, consistent with previous
                      findings. Regional and seasonal variations are analyzed
                      separately for subtropical and polar jets. The subtropical
                      jet shifts poleward during El Niño over the Northern
                      Hemisphere (NH) eastern Pacific Ocean in December–February
                      (DJF) and in some Southern Hemisphere (SH) regions in
                      March–May and September–November (SON). Subtropical jet
                      altitudes increase during El Niño, with significant changes
                      in the zonal mean in the NH and during summer/autumn in the
                      SH. Although zonal mean polar jet correlations with ENSO are
                      rarely significant, robust regional/seasonal changes occur:
                      The SH polar jet shifts equatorward during El Niño over
                      Asia and the western Pacific in DJF and significantly
                      poleward over the eastern Pacific in June–August and SON.
                      During El Niño, polar jets are weaker in the Western
                      Hemisphere and stronger in the Eastern Hemisphere,
                      especially in the SH; conversely, subtropical jets are
                      stronger in the Western Hemisphere and weaker in the Eastern
                      Hemisphere during El Niño in winter and spring. These
                      opposing changes, along with an anticorrelation between
                      subtropical and polar jet wind speeds, reinforce
                      subtropical–polar jet strength differences during El Niño
                      and suggest ENSO-related covariability of the jets.
                      ENSO-related jet latitude, altitude, and wind speed changes
                      can reach 4°, 0.6 km, and 6 m s−1, respectively, for the
                      subtropical jets and 3°, 0.3 km, and 3 m s−1,
                      respectively, for the polar jets.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {2112 - Climate Feedbacks (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000752646200020},
      doi          = {10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0947.1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/916377},
}