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@INPROCEEDINGS{Cepkenovic:916856,
      author       = {Cepkenovic, Bogdana and Maybeck, Vanessa and Offenhäusser,
                      Andreas},
      title        = {{E}ffect of membrane deformation on electrical firing in
                      rat cortical neurons during electrophysiological
                      measurements},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {6},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-00150},
      series       = {Biophysical reviews},
      pages        = {1283 - 1472},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {INTRODUCTION From patch-clamp to 3D nanoelectrodes, tight
                      mechanical coupling with the neuronal membrane is essential
                      to secure the high amplitude electrical recording. As a
                      byproduct, both approaches induce membrane deformation. In
                      the former, the membrane is acutely deformed by the glass
                      pipette,while in the latter, the membrane spontaneously
                      engulfs the 3D vertical nanostructure. OBJECTIVES In line
                      with the discoveries pointing to the existence of
                      mechanosensitive ion channels in neurons, we combined
                      electrophysiology with functional imaging to test the effect
                      of acute and chronic membrane deformation on rat cortical
                      neurons’ electrical properties and firing
                      dynamics.MATERIALS AND METHODS To estimate the effect of
                      patch-clamp induced acute deformation, we combined
                      semi-blind patch-clamp with calcium-imaging. Additionally,we
                      utilized patch-clamp to investigate whether the long-term
                      exposure to vertical topology on 3D nanoelectrodes
                      influences the neurons’ electrical properties. All
                      measurements were performed on rat cortical neurons starting
                      from 2 weeks in culture.DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
                      Calcium-imaging measurements during the formation of
                      giga-seal have demonstrated that patch-clamp targeted
                      neurons respond to the mechanical perturbation with
                      plateau-shaped calcium signals (N = 29). Moreover,up to
                      $100\%$ of neurons in 0.185 mm 2 area responded in a similar
                      trend.This finding suggests that acute deformation affects
                      not only the targeted neuron, but also the immediate
                      network. Furthermore, the comparison of neurons on flat
                      surface and neurons on 3D nanoelectrodes showed no
                      statistically significant difference in excitability and
                      action potential firing.CONCLUSION Overall, these results
                      recognize the effects of acute, patch-clamp mediated
                      mechanical perturbation on the targeted neuron, as well as
                      the immediate network. On the other hand, no changes were
                      present with chronic membrane deformations during the
                      spontaneous engulfment of vertical nanostructures. Keywords:
                      electrophysiology, membrane, neurons},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2021-10-04},
      organization  = {20th IUPAB International Congress,
                       45th SBBf Congress and 50th Annual
                       Meeting of SBBq, Online conference
                       (Online), 4 Oct 2021 - 8 Oct 2021},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {5244 - Information Processing in Neuronal Networks
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8 / PUB:(DE-HGF)7},
      UT           = {WOS:001082825300002},
      doi          = {10.1007/s12551-021-00845-2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/916856},
}