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@ARTICLE{Espinoza:916875,
      author       = {Espinoza, Gina Marcela Lopez and Ahmadi, Seyed Hamid and
                      Amelung, Wulf and Athmann, Miriam and Ewert, Frank and
                      Gaiser, Thomas and Gocke, Martina and Kautz, Timo and
                      Postma, Johannes A. and Rachmilevitch, Shimon and Schaaf,
                      Gabriel and Schnepf, Andrea and Stoschus, Alixandrine and
                      Watt, Michelle and Peng, Yu and Seidel, Sabine},
      title        = {{N}utrient deficiency effects on root architecture and
                      root-to-shoot ratio in arable crops},
      journal      = {Frontiers in plant science},
      volume       = {13},
      issn         = {1664-462X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-00165},
      pages        = {1067498},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Plant root traits play a crucial role in resource
                      acquisition and crop performance when soil nutrient
                      availability is low. However, the respective trait responses
                      are complex, particularly at the field scale, and poorly
                      understood due to difficulties in root phenotyping
                      monitoring, inaccurate sampling, and environmental
                      conditions. Here, we conducted a systematic review and
                      meta-analysis of 50 field studies to identify the effects of
                      nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), or potassium (K) deficiencies
                      on the root systems of common crops. Root length and biomass
                      were generally reduced, while root length per shoot biomass
                      was enhanced under N and P deficiency. Root length decreased
                      by $9\%$ under N deficiency and by $14\%$ under P
                      deficiency, while root biomass was reduced by $7\%$ in
                      N-deficient and by $25\%$ in P-deficient soils. Root length
                      per shoot biomass increased by $33\%$ in N deficient and
                      $51\%$ in P deficient soils. The root-to-shoot ratio was
                      often enhanced $(44\%)$ under N-poor conditions, but no
                      consistent response of the root-to-shoot ratio to
                      P-deficiency was found. Only a few K-deficiency studies
                      suited our approach and, in those cases, no differences in
                      morphological traits were reported. We encountered the
                      following drawbacks when performing this analysis: limited
                      number of root traits investigated at field scale,
                      differences in the timing and severity of nutrient
                      deficiencies, missing data (e.g., soil nutrient status and
                      time of stress), and the impact of other conditions in the
                      field. Nevertheless, our analysis indicates that, in
                      general, nutrient deficiencies increased the
                      root-length-to-shoot-biomass ratios of crops, with impacts
                      decreasing in the order deficient P > deficient N >
                      deficient K. Our review resolved inconsistencies that were
                      often found in the individual field experiments, and led to
                      a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms
                      underlying root plasticity in fields with low nutrient
                      availability.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217) / DFG project 390732324 - EXC 2070: PhenoRob -
                      Robotik und Phänotypisierung für Nachhaltige
                      Nutzpflanzenproduktion},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173 / G:(GEPRIS)390732324},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {36684760},
      UT           = {WOS:000917194900001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpls.2022.1067498},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/916875},
}