% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Ha:917265,
      author       = {Ha, Minh T. and Bastin, Sophie and Drobinski, Philippe and
                      Fita, L. and Polcher, J. and Bock, O. and Chiriaco, M. and
                      Belušić, D. and Caillaud, C. and Dobler, A. and Fernandez,
                      J. and Görgen, Klaus and Hodnebrog, Ø. and Kartsios, S.
                      and Katragkou, E. and Lavin-Gullon, A. and Lorenz, T. and
                      Milovac, J. and Panitz, H.-J. and Sobolowski, S. and
                      Truhetz, H. and Warrach-Sagi, K. and Wulfmeyer, V.},
      title        = {{P}recipitation frequency in {M}ed-{CORDEX} and
                      {EURO}-{CORDEX} ensembles from 0.44° to
                      convection-permitting resolution: impact of model resolution
                      and convection representation},
      journal      = {Climate dynamics},
      volume       = {2022},
      issn         = {0930-7575},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-00495},
      pages        = {0},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Recent studies using convection-permitting (CP) climate
                      simulations have demonstrated a step-change in the
                      representation of heavy rainfall and rainfall
                      characteristics (frequency-intensity) compared to coarser
                      resolution Global and Regional climate models. The goal of
                      this study is to better understand what explains the weaker
                      frequency of precipitation in the CP ensemble by assessing
                      the triggering process of precipitation in the different
                      ensembles of regional climate simulations available over
                      Europe. We focus on the statistical relationship between
                      tropospheric temperature, humidity and precipitation to
                      understand how the frequency of precipitation over Europe
                      and the Mediterranean is impacted by model resolution and
                      the representation of convection (parameterized vs.
                      explicit). We employ a multi-model data-set with three
                      different resolutions (0.44°, 0.11° and 0.0275°) produced
                      in the context of the MED-CORDEX, EURO-CORDEX and the CORDEX
                      Flagship Pilot Study "Convective Phenomena over Europe and
                      the Mediterranean" (FPSCONV). The multi-variate approach is
                      applied to all model ensembles, and to several surface
                      stations where the integrated water vapor (IWV) is derived
                      from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The
                      results show that all model ensembles capture the
                      temperature dependence of the critical value of IWV (IWVcv),
                      above which an increase in precipitation frequency occurs,
                      but the differences between the models in terms of the value
                      of IWVcv, and the probability of its being exceeded, can be
                      large at higher temperatures. The lower frequency of
                      precipitation in convection-permitting simulations is not
                      only explained by higher temperatures but also by a higher
                      IWVcv necessary to trigger precipitation at similar
                      temperatures, and a lower probability to exceed this
                      critical value. The spread between models in simulating
                      IWVcv and the probability of exceeding IWVcv is reduced over
                      land in the ensemble of models with explicit convection,
                      especially at high temperatures, when the convective
                      fraction of total precipitation becomes more important and
                      the influence of the representation of entrainment in models
                      thus becomes more important. Over lowlands, both model
                      resolution and convection representation affect
                      precipitation triggering while over mountainous areas,
                      resolution has the highest impact due to orography-induced
                      triggering processes. Over the sea, since lifting is
                      produced by large-scale convergence, the probability to
                      exceed IWVcv does not depend on temperature, and the model
                      resolution does not have a clear impact on the results.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000909632600001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00382-022-06594-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/917265},
}