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@ARTICLE{Zhao:917287,
      author       = {Zhao, Yi and Reichel, Rüdiger and Herbst, Michael and Sun,
                      Yajie and Brüggemann, Nicolas and Mörchen, Ramona and
                      Welp, Gerd and Meng, Fanqiao and Bol, Roland},
      title        = {{D}eclining total carbon stocks in carbonate-containing
                      agricultural soils over a 62-year recultivation
                      chronosequence under humid conditions},
      journal      = {Geoderma},
      volume       = {425},
      issn         = {0016-7061},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-00517},
      pages        = {116060 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Replanting of mining soils is necessary for utilizing soil
                      resources and increasing cultivated land areas. However,
                      limited information exists on the long-term temporal trends
                      of carbon accrual in agricultural systems containing
                      carbonate-rich soil material. We examined changes in soil
                      organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and total
                      carbon (TC) stocks in an agricultural soil containing
                      carbonate over a 62-year recultivation chronosequence. The
                      most critical differences in the SOC, SIC, and TC stocks
                      were observed in the 0–30 cm soil layer. The results
                      revealed that the SOC stock increased rapidly during the
                      first 10–20 years, but only slowly thereafter. The SIC
                      stock decreased over 62-year from approximately 40 Mg C
                      ha−1 to 2 Mg C ha−1. According to soil δ13CTC data,
                      the SIC to TC ratio decreased from $83\%$ (year 0) to $7\%$
                      (year 62). Overall, the average sequestration rates were
                      0.30 Mg C ha−1 y−1 for SOC and −0.61 Mg C ha−1
                      y−1 for SIC over the 62 years after recultivation. Total
                      carbon ultimately declined by approximately 19.5 Mg C
                      ha−1 in recultivated carbonate soils. Topsoil SOC model
                      (Rothamsted Carbon Model) outputs predicted an equilibrium
                      value of 38.6 Mg C ha−1 after 197 years, which was less
                      than the SIC stock lost in the first 70 years. Therefore,
                      an overall TC increase in these carbonate-containing
                      agricultural soils will only occur (i) during the initial
                      rapid SOC sequestration accumulation phase (first 20 years
                      of recultivation); and (ii) after the soils are fully
                      decalcified (after ∼62 years), but when SOC still slowly
                      increases before SOC stocks reached full equilibrium
                      (after ∼197 years). However, compared with starting TC
                      stocks, when we consider periods over a semicentennial and
                      beyond, we will likely lose more TC than we gain in these
                      recultivated agricultural soils if there are no additional
                      TC sequestration measures.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {910},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000859510800007},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116060},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/917287},
}