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@ARTICLE{AlRabaiai:917288,
      author       = {Al-Rabaiai, Ahmed and Menezes-Blackburn, Daniel and
                      Al-Ismaily, Said and Janke, Rhonda and Pracejus, Bernhard
                      and Al-Alawi, Ahmed and Al-Kindi, Mohamed and Bol, Roland},
      title        = {{C}ustomized biochar for soil applications in arid land:
                      {E}ffect of feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature on soil
                      microbial enumeration and respiration},
      journal      = {Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis},
      volume       = {168},
      issn         = {0165-2370},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Science Direct},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-00518},
      pages        = {105693 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Biochar is rapidly gaining worldwide interest as an
                      agro-technology for increasing soil health and carbon
                      storage. This study investigated the physicochemical
                      characteristics and impact on soil microbes of biochar
                      amendments from three feedstock sources: date palm leaves
                      (D), mesquite plants (M) and sludge compost (S.C.);
                      pyrolyzed at 450 ℃, 600 ℃ and 750 ℃. Scanning
                      electron microscopy images showed an apparent pore size
                      increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The increase
                      in pyrolysis temperature decreased O-H and C-O bonds and
                      increased the proportion of C-C bonds, as obtained from the
                      Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies.
                      Thermostability was highest at a pyrolysis temperature of
                      750 ℃, with distinct thermal decomposition profiles for
                      each of the three feedstock materials used, as indicated by
                      the dynamic thermal gravimetric analysis. The SC biochars
                      showed the highest mineral content $(45–66\%)$ with
                      significantly higher water-soluble and total concentrations
                      of mineral elements. The SC samples also showed the presence
                      of possible soil contaminants such as Pb and As, and its use
                      as a soil amendment is not recommended, even though the SC
                      at 450 ℃ was the only nonalkaline biochar in this study.
                      The M feedstock produced biochar with the highest surface
                      area (600 m2 g−1) and carbon content based on loss on
                      ignition $(94.98\%);$ nevertheless, the M biochar reduced
                      soil microbial enumeration and respiration. This reduction
                      increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Therefore,
                      the M biochar feedstocks are not recommended for improving
                      soil health and may be tested in the future as a microbial
                      inhibitor for soil-borne plant pathogens. Considering the
                      physicochemical properties and the biochar impact on soil, D
                      at 600 ℃ was the best biochar selected for further
                      studies as a soil amendment. The large differences in
                      biochar physicochemical properties and their effect on soil
                      microbes observed in this study suggest that the feedstock
                      type and pyrolysis temperatures must be considered during
                      biochar amendment production for improving soil health in
                      arid-land agroecosystems.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000861803700003},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105693},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/917288},
}