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@ARTICLE{Thompson:917492,
      author       = {Thompson, Lee and Garbutt, David and Aymanns, Katharina and
                      Niemeyer, Irmgard and Vieh, Christiane and Weekes, Michael},
      title        = {{T}he {U}se of {M}uon {T}omography in {S}afeguarding
                      {N}uclear {G}eological {D}isposal {F}acilities},
      volume       = {284},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-00705},
      pages        = {1-7},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {Journal of Advanced Instrumentation in Science},
      abstract     = {Muon attenuation tomography is a powerful tool that employs
                      naturally occurring cosmic ray muons for locating,
                      identifying, and measuring density irregularities in
                      geological overburdens. First applied in the 1950s [3], the
                      technique has very many diverse applications including
                      imaging civil infrastructure such as railway tunnels [4],
                      identifying ore bodies in mines, monitoring magma chambers
                      in volcanoes [5], and identifying voids in pyramids [6, 7].
                      Muon scattering tomography, which requires the muons to be
                      tracked both entering and leaving the object of interest,
                      can provide valuable information on the atomic number, Z, of
                      objects being imaging in addition to density information.
                      The following reports on a series of simulation studies we
                      have performed to assess the capability of muon radiography
                      to detect a series of potential features that may need to be
                      identified for safeguarding or safety purposes in geological
                      disposal facilities (GDFs) for nuclear waste. Similarly, the
                      application of muon scattering tomography to characterizing
                      the materials encased in nuclear waste drums and to
                      assessing unauthorized diversion scenarios is also
                      presented.},
      cin          = {IEK-6},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-6-20101013},
      pnm          = {1411 - Nuclear Waste Disposal (POF4-141) / IAEA GER SP -
                      Joint Programme on the Technical Development and Further
                      Improvement of IAEA Safeguards between the Government of the
                      Federal Republic of Germany and the International Atomic
                      Energy Agency (IAEA-19781005)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1411 / G:(DE-Juel1)IAEA-19781005},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/917492},
}