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@ARTICLE{Lu:9338,
      author       = {Lu, K. and Zhang, Y. and Su, H. and Brauers, T. and Chou,
                      C.C. and Hofzumahaus, A. and Liu, S.C. and Kita, K. and
                      Kondo, Y. and Shao, M. and Wahner, A. and Wang, J. and Wang,
                      X. and Zhu, T.},
      title        = {{O}xidant ({O}3 + {NO}2) production processes and formation
                      regimes in {B}eijing},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {115},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-9338},
      pages        = {1 - 18},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {This work was supported by the National Natural Science
                      Foundation of China (no. 40675072), the Ministry of Science
                      and Technology of China (2002CB410801), and the Beijing
                      Council of Science and Technology (HB200504-6 and no.
                      HB200504-2). The authors would like to thank the
                      CareBeijing-2006 team, especially M. Hu, L. M. Zeng, Z. M.
                      Chen, F. Holland, Y. F. Cheng, X. Li, and S. R. Lou, for
                      technical help and support at the field sites and F. Rohrer
                      for help in IDL programming. We are grateful to the
                      anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the
                      manuscript.},
      abstract     = {For CareBeijing-2006, two sites were established in urban
                      and suburban regions of Beijing in summer 2006. Observations
                      of O-3 and its precursors together with meteorological
                      parameters at both sites are presented. Gross ozone
                      production rate P(O-3) and sensitivity to nitric oxides
                      (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were
                      investigated using an observation-based photochemical box
                      model (OBM). P(O-3) varied from nearly zero to 120 and 50
                      ppb h(-1) for urban and suburban sites, respectively. These
                      rates were greater than the accumulation rates of the
                      observed oxidant (O-3 + NO2) concentrations. The O-3
                      episodes typically appeared under southerly wind conditions
                      with high P(O-3), especially at the urban site. Sensitivity
                      studies with and without measured nitrous acid (HONO) as a
                      model constraint suggested that the estimated P(O-3) at both
                      sites was strongly enhanced by radical production from HONO
                      photolysis. Both NOx- and VOC-sensitive chemistries existed
                      over time scales from hours to days at the two sites. The
                      variation in O-3-sensitive chemistry was relatively well
                      explained by the ratio of the average daytime total VOC
                      reactivity (k(TVOC)) to NO, with the transition chemistry
                      corresponding to a k(TVOC)/NO value of 2-4 s(-1) ppb(-1).
                      Pronounced diurnal variations in the O-3 production regime
                      were found. In the morning, conditions were always strongly
                      VOC-limited, while in the afternoon, conditions were
                      variable for different days and different sites. The
                      model-calculated results were tested by measurements of
                      H2O2, HNO3, total OH reactivity, and HOx radicals. The OBM
                      was generally capable of correctly simulating the levels of
                      P(O-3), although it might tend to overpredict the
                      VOC-sensitive chemistry.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000285585200003},
      doi          = {10.1029/2009JD012714},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/9338},
}