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000009505 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.1038/nphys1615
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000009505 084__ $$2WoS$$aPhysics, Multidisciplinary
000009505 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLizzit, S.$$b0
000009505 245__ $$aBand dispersion in the deep 1s core level of graphene
000009505 260__ $$aBasingstoke$$bNature Publishing Group$$c2010
000009505 300__ $$a345 . 349
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000009505 440_0 $$014921$$aNature Physics$$v6$$x1745-2473
000009505 500__ $$aWe gratefully acknowledge stimulating discussions with D. L. Mills, J. G. de Abajo and K. C. Prince. The research leading to these results has received financial support from the Danish National Research Council, the Lundbeck Foundation and the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 226716. G.Z. thanks ANPCyT of Argentina and the ICTP Trieste for financial support under the TRIL Programme.
000009505 520__ $$aIt is generally assumed that electrons in deep atomic core states are highly localized and do not participate in the bonding of molecules and solids. This implies well-defined core-level binding energies and the absence of any splitting and band-like dispersion, a fact that is exploited in several powerful experimental techniques, such as X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Violations of this assumption have been found for only a few small molecules in the gas phase such as C2H2 or N-2 with much stronger bonding and shorter bonding distances than present in solids(1,2). Here we report the observation of a sizeable band-like dispersion of the C 1s core level in graphene, a single-layer honeycomb net of carbon atoms that is attracting considerable attention at present in the scientific community(3). The dispersion is observed as an emission-angle-dependent binding-energy modulation and it is shown that under appropriate conditions only the bonding or antibonding states can be observed. A very similar dispersion is also found by ab initio calculations.
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000009505 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZampieri, G.$$b1
000009505 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPetaccia, L.$$b2
000009505 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLarciprete, R.$$b3
000009505 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLacovig, P.$$b4
000009505 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRienks, E. D. L.$$b5
000009505 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)130545$$aBihlmayer, G.$$b6$$uFZJ
000009505 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBaraldi, A.$$b7
000009505 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHofmann, Ph.$$b8
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000009505 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys1615
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