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@ARTICLE{McGrath:9703,
      author       = {McGrath, G.S. and Hinz, C. and Sivapalan, M. and Dressel,
                      J. and Pütz, T. and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{I}dentifying a rainfall event threshold triggering
                      herbicide leaching by preferential flow},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {46},
      issn         = {0043-1397},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {AGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-9703},
      pages        = {W02513},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {The first author would like to acknowledge financial
                      support from German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Centre
                      for Groundwater Studies, Postgraduate Research School of the
                      University of Western Australia, Water Corporation of
                      Western Australia, and Australian Research Council's Linkage
                      Projects funding scheme (project LP0211883).},
      abstract     = {How can leaching risk be assessed if the chemical flux
                      and/or the toxicity is highly uncertain? For many strongly
                      sorbing pesticides it is known that their transport through
                      the unsaturated zone occurs intermittently through
                      preferential flow, triggered by significant rainfall events.
                      In these circumstances the timing and frequency of these
                      rainfall events may allow quantification of leaching risk to
                      overcome the limitations of flux prediction. In this paper
                      we analyze the leaching behavior of bromide and two
                      herbicides, methabenzthiazuron and ethidimuron, using data
                      from twelve uncropped lysimeters, with high-resolution
                      climate data, in order to identify the rainfall controls on
                      rapid solute leaching. A regression tree analysis suggested
                      that a coarse-scale fortnightly to monthly water balance was
                      a good predictor of short-term increases in drainage and
                      bromide transport. Significant short-term herbicide
                      leaching, however, was better predicted by the occurrence of
                      a single storm with a depth greater than a 19 mm threshold.
                      Sampling periods where rain events exceeded this threshold
                      accounted for between $38\%$ and $56\%$ of the total mass of
                      herbicides leached during the experiment. The same threshold
                      only accounted for between $1\%$ and $10\%$ of the total
                      mass of bromide leached. On the basis of these results, we
                      conclude that in this system, the leaching risks of strongly
                      sorbing chemicals can be quantified by the timing and
                      frequency of these large rainfall events. Empirical and
                      modeling approaches are suggested to apply this frequentist
                      approach to leaching risk assessment to other soil-climate
                      systems.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Limnology / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000274791800001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2008WR007506},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/9703},
}