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| Home > Publications database > PROTOTYPE OF A LINE-FOCUS X-RAY TUBE (LFXT) AS COMPACT SOURCE FOR MICROBEAM AND FLASH RADIOTHERAPY |
| Home > Publications database > PROTOTYPE OF A LINE-FOCUS X-RAY TUBE (LFXT) AS COMPACT SOURCE FOR MICROBEAM AND FLASH RADIOTHERAPY |
| Conference Presentation (Plenary/Keynote) | FZJ-2023-01092 |
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2022
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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1016/S1120-1797(22)02257-8
Abstract: Background: Microbeam (MRT) and x-ray FLASH radiotherapy have shown superior healthy tissue tolerance at tumour control rates comparable to those of conventional radiotherapy. As these methods place high demands on the radiation quality, most research and all possible clinical applications are currently limited to large third-generation synchrotrons, impeding a translation into clinical routine. Compact and less complex alternatives to synchrotrons are required to facilitate a translation of both techniques into clinical routine. The line focus x-ray tube (LFxT) is a high-power rotating-target x-ray tube that focuses an extremely asymmetric electron beam onto a rapidly rotating target – thus shifting operation into the heat-capacity limit and enabling the generation of so far unachievable dose rates at small focal spot sizes. The LFxT is a promising technique for hospital based MRT and x-ray FLASH therapy, but also advanced x-ray imaging techniques. Methods: We developed a first preclinical prototype of the LFxT designed for an electron beam current of 0.3 A at 300 kV acceleration voltage. To achieve this, we developed a low emittance electron source featuring a highly asymmetric focal spot and a target-rotor system allowing for surface velocities above 130 m/s, while being able to withstand the mechanical stresses produced by the rotational force and high thermal gradients. The radiological and thermal properties of the x-ray source were assessed in numerical simulations. A system of temperature and radiation detectors can monitor and validate the performance of the source experimentally. A powerful cooling system dissipates the enormous amounts of excess heat. We tackle the specific high-voltage and radiation risks with a bespoken shielding, safety and control system. Results: Simulations have shown a 50 μm wide and 20 mm long focal spot achieving a dose rate of 10 Gy/s at 20 cm from the focal spot. At maximum power, a duty-cycle of 20 s irradiation, during which the focal spot temperature exceeds 2000 °C, followed by 20 min cooling is reached. Using a NIR-camera and an x-ray detector, the focal spot will be measured with a resolution down to 5 μm. Conclusion: The prototype aims to prove the LFxT concept and validate the heat-capacity limit. Additionally, preclinical studies for MRT will be conducted and its imaging capabilities will be explored. In a next step, we will upgrade to a clinical prototype for an electron beam power of 1.5 MW at an acceleration voltage of 600 kV, achieving dose rates of more than 100 Gy/s.
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