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000009732 084__ $$2WoS$$aNeurosciences
000009732 084__ $$2WoS$$aNeuroimaging
000009732 084__ $$2WoS$$aRadiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
000009732 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)VDB36136$$aKonrad, K.$$b0$$uFZJ
000009732 245__ $$aIs the ADHD Brain Wired Differently? A Review on Structural and Functional Connectivity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
000009732 260__ $$aNew York, NY$$bWiley-Liss$$c2010
000009732 300__ $$a904 - 916
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000009732 440_0 $$02398$$aHuman Brain Mapping$$v31$$x1065-9471$$y6
000009732 500__ $$aContract grant sponsor: German Federal Ministry of Education and Science (for K.K.); Contract grant numbers: BMBF-EDNET-01GV0602, BMBF-ANAC-01GJ0808; Contract grant sponsor: Human Brain Project (for S.B.E.); Contract grant number: NTH R01-MH074457-01A1; Contract grant sponsors: Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments (JARA-Seed fund) for K.K.; the Helmholz Initiative on Systems-Biology "The Human Brain Model" for S.B.E.
000009732 520__ $$aIn recent years, a change in perspective in etiological models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has occurred in concordance with emerging concepts in other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. These models shift the focus of the assumed pathology from regional brain abnormalities to dysfunction in distributed network organization. In the current contribution, we report findings from functional connectivity studies during resting and task states, as well as from studies on structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging, in subjects with ADHD. Although major methodological limitations in analyzing connectivity measures derived from noninvasive in vivo neuroimaging still exist, there is convergent evidence for white matter pathology and disrupted anatomical connectivity in ADHD. In addition, dysfunctional connectivity during rest and during cognitive tasks has been demonstrated. However, the causality between disturbed white matter architecture and cortical dysfunction remains to be evaluated. Both genetic and environmental factors might contribute to disruptions in interactions between different brain regions. Stimulant medication not only modulates regionally specific activation strength but also normalizes dysfunctional connectivity, pointing to a predominant network dysfunction in ADHD. By combining a longitudinal approach with a systems perspective in ADHD in the future, it might be possible to identify at which stage during development disruptions in neural networks emerge and to delineate possible new endophenotypes of ADHD.
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000009732 65320 $$2Author$$aconnectivity
000009732 65320 $$2Author$$aADHD
000009732 65320 $$2Author$$afMRI
000009732 65320 $$2Author$$aDTI
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAnimals
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAttention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: genetics
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAttention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: pathology
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAttention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: physiopathology
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBrain: growth & development
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBrain: pathology
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBrain: physiopathology
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNeural Pathways: growth & development
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNeural Pathways: pathology
000009732 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNeural Pathways: physiopathology
000009732 650_7 $$2WoSType$$aJ
000009732 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)131678$$aEickhoff, S. B.$$b1$$uFZJ
000009732 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1492703-2$$a10.1002/hbm.21058$$gVol. 31, p. 904 - 916$$p904 - 916$$q31<904 - 916$$tHuman brain mapping$$v31$$x1065-9471$$y2010
000009732 8567_ $$uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21058
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