TY  - JOUR
AU  - Konrad, K.
AU  - Eickhoff, S. B.
TI  - Is the ADHD Brain Wired Differently? A Review on Structural and Functional Connectivity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
JO  - Human brain mapping
VL  - 31
SN  - 1065-9471
CY  - New York, NY
PB  - Wiley-Liss
M1  - PreJuSER-9732
SP  - 904 - 916
PY  - 2010
N1  - Contract grant sponsor: German Federal Ministry of Education and Science (for K.K.); Contract grant numbers: BMBF-EDNET-01GV0602, BMBF-ANAC-01GJ0808; Contract grant sponsor: Human Brain Project (for S.B.E.); Contract grant number: NTH R01-MH074457-01A1; Contract grant sponsors: Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments (JARA-Seed fund) for K.K.; the Helmholz Initiative on Systems-Biology "The Human Brain Model" for S.B.E.
AB  - In recent years, a change in perspective in etiological models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has occurred in concordance with emerging concepts in other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. These models shift the focus of the assumed pathology from regional brain abnormalities to dysfunction in distributed network organization. In the current contribution, we report findings from functional connectivity studies during resting and task states, as well as from studies on structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging, in subjects with ADHD. Although major methodological limitations in analyzing connectivity measures derived from noninvasive in vivo neuroimaging still exist, there is convergent evidence for white matter pathology and disrupted anatomical connectivity in ADHD. In addition, dysfunctional connectivity during rest and during cognitive tasks has been demonstrated. However, the causality between disturbed white matter architecture and cortical dysfunction remains to be evaluated. Both genetic and environmental factors might contribute to disruptions in interactions between different brain regions. Stimulant medication not only modulates regionally specific activation strength but also normalizes dysfunctional connectivity, pointing to a predominant network dysfunction in ADHD. By combining a longitudinal approach with a systems perspective in ADHD in the future, it might be possible to identify at which stage during development disruptions in neural networks emerge and to delineate possible new endophenotypes of ADHD.
KW  - Animals
KW  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: genetics
KW  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: pathology
KW  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: physiopathology
KW  - Brain: growth & development
KW  - Brain: pathology
KW  - Brain: physiopathology
KW  - Humans
KW  - Neural Pathways: growth & development
KW  - Neural Pathways: pathology
KW  - Neural Pathways: physiopathology
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:20496381
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000278341200008
DO  - DOI:10.1002/hbm.21058
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/9732
ER  -