TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jablonowski, N. D.
AU  - Koeppchen, S.
AU  - Hofmann, D.
AU  - Schaeffer, A.
AU  - Burauel, P.
TI  - Spatial Distribution and Characterization of Long-Term Aged 14C-Labeled Atrazine Residues in Soil
JO  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
VL  - 56
IS  - 20
SN  - 0021-8561
CY  - Washington, DC [u.a.]
PB  - American Chemical Society (ACS)
M1  - PreJuSER-976
SP  - 9548 - 9554
PY  - 2008
N1  - We gratefully acknowledge the help and assistance of the laboratory co-workers, namely Ms. Anita Steffen and Ms. Jessica Bausch, for sample preparation, and Mr. Gfinter Henkelmann, LfL Munich, for the lysimeter soil. Sincere thanks are due to Mr. M. Michulitz, Ms. H. Lippert, and Ms. N. Merki, Forschungszentrum Julich (ZCH), for physicochemical analysis.
AB  - The long-term behavior of the herbicide atrazine and its metabolites in the environment is of continued interest in terms of risk assessment and soil quality monitoring. Aqueous desorption, detection, and quantification of atrazine and its metabolites from an agriculturally used soil were performed 22 years after the last atrazine application. A lysimeter soil containing long-term aged atrazine for >20 years was subdivided into 10 and 5 cm layers (at the lysimeter bottom: soil 0-50 and 50-55 cm; fine gravel 55-60 cm depth, implemented for drainage purposes) to identify the qualitative and quantitative differences of aged (14)C-labeled atrazine residues depending on the soil profile and chemico-physical conditions of the individual soil layers. Deionized water was used for nonexhaustive cold water shaking extraction of the soil. With increasing soil depth, the amount of previously applied (14)C activity decreased significantly from 8.8% to 0.7% at 55-60 cm depth whereas the percentage of desorbed (14)C residues in each soil layer increased from 2% to 6% of the total (14)C activity in the sample. The only metabolite detectable by means of LC-MS/MS was 2-hydroxyatrazine while most of the residual (14)C activity was bound to the soil and was not desorbed. The amount of desorbed 2-hydroxyatrazine decreased with increasing soil depth from 21% to 10% of the total desorbed (14)C residue fraction. The amount of (14)C residues in the soil layers correlated well with the carbon content in the soil and in the aqueous soil extracts ( p value = 0.99 and 0.97, respectively), which may provide evidence of the binding behavior of the aged atrazine residues on soil carbon. The lowest coarse layer (55-60 cm) showed increased residual (14)C activity leading to the assumption that most (14)C residues were leached from the soil column over time.
KW  - Atrazine: chemistry
KW  - Atrazine: metabolism
KW  - Biodegradation, Environmental
KW  - Carbon Radioisotopes: analysis
KW  - Chromatography, Liquid
KW  - Herbicides: chemistry
KW  - Herbicides: metabolism
KW  - Soil: analysis
KW  - Soil Pollutants: chemistry
KW  - Soil Pollutants: metabolism
KW  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
KW  - Carbon Radioisotopes (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Herbicides (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Soil (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Soil Pollutants (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Atrazine (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:18808141
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000260102500033
DO  - DOI:10.1021/jf8017832
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/976
ER  -