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@ARTICLE{Jablonowski:976,
      author       = {Jablonowski, N. D. and Koeppchen, S. and Hofmann, D. and
                      Schaeffer, A. and Burauel, P.},
      title        = {{S}patial {D}istribution and {C}haracterization of
                      {L}ong-{T}erm {A}ged 14{C}-{L}abeled {A}trazine {R}esidues
                      in {S}oil},
      journal      = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
      volume       = {56},
      number       = {20},
      issn         = {0021-8561},
      address      = {Washington, DC [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society (ACS)},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-976},
      pages        = {9548 - 9554},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {We gratefully acknowledge the help and assistance of the
                      laboratory co-workers, namely Ms. Anita Steffen and Ms.
                      Jessica Bausch, for sample preparation, and Mr. Gfinter
                      Henkelmann, LfL Munich, for the lysimeter soil. Sincere
                      thanks are due to Mr. M. Michulitz, Ms. H. Lippert, and Ms.
                      N. Merki, Forschungszentrum Julich (ZCH), for
                      physicochemical analysis.},
      abstract     = {The long-term behavior of the herbicide atrazine and its
                      metabolites in the environment is of continued interest in
                      terms of risk assessment and soil quality monitoring.
                      Aqueous desorption, detection, and quantification of
                      atrazine and its metabolites from an agriculturally used
                      soil were performed 22 years after the last atrazine
                      application. A lysimeter soil containing long-term aged
                      atrazine for >20 years was subdivided into 10 and 5 cm
                      layers (at the lysimeter bottom: soil 0-50 and 50-55 cm;
                      fine gravel 55-60 cm depth, implemented for drainage
                      purposes) to identify the qualitative and quantitative
                      differences of aged (14)C-labeled atrazine residues
                      depending on the soil profile and chemico-physical
                      conditions of the individual soil layers. Deionized water
                      was used for nonexhaustive cold water shaking extraction of
                      the soil. With increasing soil depth, the amount of
                      previously applied (14)C activity decreased significantly
                      from $8.8\%$ to $0.7\%$ at 55-60 cm depth whereas the
                      percentage of desorbed (14)C residues in each soil layer
                      increased from $2\%$ to $6\%$ of the total (14)C activity in
                      the sample. The only metabolite detectable by means of
                      LC-MS/MS was 2-hydroxyatrazine while most of the residual
                      (14)C activity was bound to the soil and was not desorbed.
                      The amount of desorbed 2-hydroxyatrazine decreased with
                      increasing soil depth from $21\%$ to $10\%$ of the total
                      desorbed (14)C residue fraction. The amount of (14)C
                      residues in the soil layers correlated well with the carbon
                      content in the soil and in the aqueous soil extracts ( p
                      value = 0.99 and 0.97, respectively), which may provide
                      evidence of the binding behavior of the aged atrazine
                      residues on soil carbon. The lowest coarse layer (55-60 cm)
                      showed increased residual (14)C activity leading to the
                      assumption that most (14)C residues were leached from the
                      soil column over time.},
      keywords     = {Atrazine: chemistry / Atrazine: metabolism /
                      Biodegradation, Environmental / Carbon Radioisotopes:
                      analysis / Chromatography, Liquid / Herbicides: chemistry /
                      Herbicides: metabolism / Soil: analysis / Soil Pollutants:
                      chemistry / Soil Pollutants: metabolism / Tandem Mass
                      Spectrometry / Carbon Radioisotopes (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Herbicides (NLM Chemicals) / Soil (NLM Chemicals) / Soil
                      Pollutants (NLM Chemicals) / Atrazine (NLM Chemicals) / J
                      (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / ZCH},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / I:(DE-Juel1)ZCH-20090406},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Agriculture, Multidisciplinary / Chemistry, Applied / Food
                      Science $\&$ Technology},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:18808141},
      UT           = {WOS:000260102500033},
      doi          = {10.1021/jf8017832},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/976},
}