Zeitschriftenaufsätze

Counterfactual explanations (CFs) help understand machine learning models by identifying minimal input changes that would lead to alternative model outcomes. Recent work demonstrates their utility for reconstructing black-box models, enabling third-party auditing of opaque decision systems for fairness and accountability. [...]

Neutrino oscillations, a quantum effect manifesting at macroscopic scales, are governed by lepton flavour mixing angles and neutrino mass-squared differences that are fundamental parameters of particle physics, representing phenomena beyond the Standard Model. Precision measurements of these parameters are essential for testing the completeness of the three-flavour framework, determining the mass ordering of neutrinos and probing possible new physics. [...]

Pedestrian walking constitutes the most fundamental mode of urban mobility, yet the recurrent occurrence of pedestrian traffic-related safety accidents, e.g., crowd crushes, underscores the urgent need to enhance the management and safeguarding of pedestrian facilities, particularly those characterized by high-density gatherings (e.g., urban subway stations during peak hours). Although pedestrian flow simulation models and empirically validated management policies exist, they can barely support the full-process requirements of pedestrian traffic and crowd safety management and often operate in isolation rather than forming an integrated solution, e.g, simulation software can generate individual-level trajectories but lacks the capability to derive case-sensitive crowd operation improvement strategies building upon these microscopic information, whereas empirically validated policies are typically tested under fixed boundary conditions, rendering their effectiveness uncertain in real-world pedestrian management scenarios that are highly dynamic and variable. [...]