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The phenomenon of hyperpolarization involves inducing heterogeneity in the occupancynumbers within the hyperfine states of an atom. This effect finds diverse applications, rangingfrom Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to enhancing nuclear fusion processes throughthe concept of polarized fuel. [...]

Safeguards inspections and potential nuclear disarmament verification inspections need thorough planning, long preparation periods and, given that possible errors might cause an interruption of the continuity of knowledge, happen under the risk of vast political consequences. Digital tools in the form of virtual reality (VR) applications or digital twins can support decision making and risk assessment before and during inspections through live data analysis and thus can help to mitigate the source of errors. [...]

Background: Several publications have examined diaphragmatic ultrasound using two-dimensional (2D) parameters in the context of weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) and extubation. However, the studied cohorts had rather short duration of ventilation. [...]