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The development of complex functional materials poses a multi-objective optimization problem in a large multi-dimensional parameter space. Solving it requires reproducible, user-independent laboratory work and intelligent preselection of experiments. [...]

Ionic liquids (IL) and aqueous ionic liquids (aIL) are attractive (co-)solvents for biocatalysis due to their unique properties. On the other hand, the incubation of enzymes in IL or aIL often reduces enzyme activity. [...]

BACKGROUND:Reduced activation of dopamine D1receptor signaling may be implicated in reward functioning as apotential driver of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), an enzyme that is highlyexpressed in the striatum, modulates both dopamine D2- and D1-dependent signaling.METHODS:We assessed whether augmentation of D1signaling by the PDE10 inhibitor RG7203 enhances imagingand behavioral markers of reward functions in patients with schizophrenia and negative symptoms. [...]

Noninvasive brain stimulation can reduce severity of tinnitus phantom sounds beyond time of stimulation by inducing regional neuroplastic changes. However, there are no good clinical predictors for treatment outcome. [...]

The diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation may be challenging if external injuries are missing, and a typical acute emphysema (AE) "disappears" in pre-existing chronic emphysema (CE). Eighty-four autopsy cases were systematically investigated to identify a (histo-) morphological or immunohistochemical marker combination that enables the diagnosis of violent asphyxiation in cases with a pre-existing CE ("AE in CE"). [...]