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001005321 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)172933$$aGago, Mauricio$$b0$$eCorresponding author
001005321 245__ $$aBubble Formation in ITER-Grade Tungsten after Exposure to Stationary D/He Plasma and ELM-like Thermal Shocks
001005321 260__ $$aBasel$$bMDPI$$c2023
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001005321 520__ $$aPlasma-facing materials (PFMs) in the ITER divertor will be exposed to severe conditions, including exposure to transient heat loads from edge-localized modes (ELMs) and to plasma particles and neutrons. Tungsten is the material chosen as PFM for the ITER divertor. In previous tests, bubble formation in ITER-grade tungsten was detected when exposed to fusion relevant conditions. For this study, ITER-grade tungsten was exposed to simultaneous ELM-like transient heat loads and D/He (6%) plasma in the linear plasma device PSI-2. Bubble formation was then investigated via SEM micrographs and FIB cuts. It was found that for exposure to 100.000 laser pulses of 0.6 GWm−2 absorbed power density (Pabs), only small bubbles in the nanometer range were formed close to the surface. After increasing Pabs to 0.8 and 1.0 GWm−2, the size of the bubbles went up to about 1 µm in size and were deeper below the surface. Increasing the plasma fluence had an even larger effect, more than doubling bubble density and increasing bubble size to up to 2 µm in diameter. When using deuterium-only plasma, the samples showed no bubble formation and reduced cracking, showing such bubble formation is caused by exposure to helium plasma.
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001005321 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)130070$$aKreter, Arkadi$$b1$$ufzj
001005321 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)6784$$aUnterberg, Bernhard$$b2$$ufzj
001005321 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129811$$aWirtz, Marius$$b3
001005321 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)3040700-X$$a10.3390/jne4010016$$gVol. 4, no. 1, p. 204 - 212$$n1$$p204 - 212$$tJournal of nuclear engineering$$v4$$x2673-4362$$y2023
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