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@ARTICLE{Poonoosamy:1007367,
      author       = {Poonoosamy, Jenna and Kaspor, Alexander and Rudin, Stefan
                      and Murphy, Gabriel L. and Bosbach, Dirk and Deissmann,
                      Guido},
      title        = {{T}he {U}se of {M}icrofluidic {P}latforms with {R}aman
                      {S}pectroscopy for {I}nvestigating the {C}o-{P}recipitation
                      of {M}etals and {R}adionuclides in {C}arbonates},
      journal      = {Minerals},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2075-163X},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02032},
      pages        = {636 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {In the context of long-term safety assessments of deep
                      geological repositories for radio-active wastes, a rigorous
                      understanding of the retention of radionuclides such as
                      226Ra due to co-precipitation with carbonate and sulphate
                      minerals is important for a realistic prediction of
                      radionuclide migration behaviour in the repository near and
                      far field. The co-precipitation of 226Ra in sulphate
                      minerals, in particular barite, has been studied
                      experimentally and numerically in detail throughout the last
                      decade to establish the thermodynamic properties and mixing
                      behaviour of its solid solutions over a wide range of
                      temperatures. However, so far, few studies have been
                      dedicated to the incorporation of 226Ra into carbonates, and
                      little is known about the mixing behaviour of 226Ra and
                      calcium carbonate phases such as calcite, aragonite, or
                      vaterite. The aim of the work presented here was to develop
                      and explore innovative microfluidic experiments in
                      combination with in situ Raman spectroscopy that can be used
                      to investigate co-precipitation processes of radionuclides
                      in carbonate minerals, using stable Ba as a chemical
                      analogue for 226Ra in the first step, due to their similar
                      ionic radii. Different microfluidic set-ups were developed
                      to address co-precipitation in bulk solution as well as in
                      confinement or under diffusive flow regimes. It could be
                      shown by XRD and SEM-EDX analyses that high amounts of Ba
                      can be incorporated into the lattice of calcite when formed
                      via an amorphous precursor phase, suggesting that the
                      formation of calcium carbonates can contribute to the
                      retention of 226Ra in the repository environment, which will
                      be verified in future studies using the presented
                      microfluidic platforms.},
      cin          = {IEK-6},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-6-20101013},
      pnm          = {1411 - Nuclear Waste Disposal (POF4-141) / Verbundprojekt:
                      Verhalten langlebiger Spalt- und Aktivierungsprodukte im
                      Nahfeld von Endlagern unterschiedlicher Wirtsgesteine und
                      Möglichkeiten ihrer Rückhaltung (VESPA II), Teilprojekt D
                      (02E11607D)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1411 / G:(BMWi)02E11607D},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000997228800001},
      doi          = {10.3390/min13050636},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1007367},
}