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@ARTICLE{Yu:1007368,
      author       = {Yu, Shangzhe and Zhang, Shidong and Schäfer, Dominik and
                      Peters, Roland and Kunz, Felix and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{N}umerical {M}odeling and {S}imulation of the {S}olid
                      {O}xide {C}ell {S}tacks and {M}etal {I}nterconnect
                      {O}xidation with {O}pen{FOAM}},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02033},
      pages        = {3827 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Solid oxide cells are capable of efficiently converting
                      various chemical energy carriers to electricity and vice
                      versa. The urgent challenge nowadays is the faster
                      degradation rate compared with other fuel cell/electrolyzer
                      technologies. To understand the degradation mechanisms,
                      simulation of a solid oxide cell is helpful. Since most
                      previous research developed models using commercial
                      software, such as COMSOL and ANSYS Fluent, a gap for
                      knowledge transfer is being gradually formed between
                      academia and industry due to licensing issues. This paper
                      introduces a multiphysics model, developed by a
                      computational code, openFuelCell2. The code is implemented
                      with an open-source library, OpenFOAM. It accounts for
                      momentum transfer, mass transfer, electrochemical reactions
                      and metal interconnect oxidation. The model can precisely
                      predict I–V curves under different temperatures, fuel
                      humidity and operation modes. Comparison between OpenFOAM
                      and COMSOL simulations shows good agreement. The metal
                      interconnect oxidation is modeled, which can predict the
                      thickness of the oxide scale under different protective
                      coatings. Simulations are conducted by assuming an
                      ultra-thin film resistance on the rib surface. It is
                      revealed that coatings fabricated by atmospheric plasma
                      spraying can efficiently prevent metal interconnect
                      oxidation, with a contribution of only 0.53 $\%$ to the
                      total degradation rate.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406) / Verbundvorhaben
                      $SOC-Degradation_2$ ' Teilvorhaben A (03SF0621A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406 /
                      G:(BMBF)03SF0621A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000987332400001},
      doi          = {10.3390/en16093827},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1007368},
}