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@ARTICLE{Weinrich:1007826,
      author       = {Weinrich, Henning and Rutjens, Bastian and Basak,
                      Shibabrata and Schmid, Bernhard and Camara, Osmane and
                      Kretzschmar, Ansgar and Kungl, Hans and Tempel, Hermann and
                      Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{CO}2 {E}lectroreduction to {F}ormate—{C}omparative
                      {S}tudy {R}egarding the {E}lectrocatalytic {P}erformance of
                      {S}n{O}2 {N}anoparticles},
      journal      = {Catalysts},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2073-4344},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02211},
      pages        = {903 -},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {SnO2 nanoparticles have frequently been reported as
                      effective electrocatalysts for CO2 electroreduction to
                      formate. However, in the literature, there is little
                      knowledge of SnO2 nanoparticles that guarantee superior
                      electrocatalytic performance. Hence, in this study, several
                      SnO2 nanoparticles are compared with respect to their
                      material properties, and correlations to the
                      electrocatalytic performance are established. For
                      comparison, three custom-made SnO2-electrocatalysts were
                      prepared, reproducing frequently cited procedures in
                      literature. Based on the comparison, it is found that
                      hydrothermal, sol-gel, and solid-state synthesis provide
                      quite different electrocatalysts, particularly in terms of
                      the particle size and crystal lattice defect structure.
                      Desirably small nanoparticles with a comparatively high
                      number of lattice defects are found for the nanoparticles
                      prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, which also provide the
                      best electrocatalytic performance in terms of Faradaic
                      efficiency for the electroreduction of CO2 to formate.
                      However, despite the considerably smaller surface area, the
                      commercial reference also provides significant
                      electrocatalytic performance, e.g., in terms of the overall
                      produced amount of formate, which suggests a surprisingly
                      high surface area-specific activity for this material that
                      is low on defects. Thus, defects do not appear to be the
                      preferred reaction site for the CO2 electroreduction to
                      formate on SnO2 in this case.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) / HITEC -
                      Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and
                      Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000997799600001},
      doi          = {10.3390/catal13050903},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1007826},
}