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@ARTICLE{Kullmann:1008519,
      author       = {Kullmann, Felix and Linßen, Jochen and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{T}he role of hydrogen for the defossilization of the
                      {G}erman chemical industry},
      journal      = {International journal of hydrogen energy},
      volume       = {48},
      number       = {99},
      issn         = {0360-3199},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-02359},
      pages        = {38936-38952},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Within the European Green Deal, the European industry is
                      summoned to transform towards a green and circular economy
                      to reduce CO2-emissions and reach climate goals. Special
                      focus is on the chemical industry to boost recycling
                      processes for plastics, exploit resource efficiency
                      potentials, and switch to a completely renewable feedstock
                      (defossilization). Despite common understanding that drastic
                      changes have to take place it is yet unknown how the
                      industrial transformation should be accomplished. This work
                      explains how a cost-optimal defossilization of the chemical
                      industry in the context of national greenhouse gas (GHG)
                      mitigation strategies look like. The central part of this
                      investigation is based on a national energy system model to
                      optimize the future energy system design of Germany, as a
                      case study for a highly industrialized country. A
                      replacement of fossil-based feedstocks by renewable
                      feedstocks leads to a significant increase in hydrogen
                      demand by $+40\%$ compared to a reference scenario. The
                      resulting demand of hydrogen-based energy carriers,
                      including the demand for renewable raw materials, must be
                      produced domestically or imported. This leads to cumulative
                      additional costs of the transformation that are $32\%$
                      higher than those of a reference scenario without
                      defossilization of the industry. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
                      and the methanol-to-olefins route can be identified as key
                      technologies for the defossilization of the chemical
                      industry.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {1111 - Effective System Transformation Pathways (POF4-111)
                      / 1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1111 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001114391700001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.04.191},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1008519},
}