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@ARTICLE{Bttcher:1016719,
      author       = {Böttcher, Philipp C. and Gorjão, Leonardo Rydin and
                      Witthaut, Dirk},
      title        = {{S}tability bounds of droop-controlled inverters in power
                      grid networks},
      journal      = {IEEE access},
      volume       = {11},
      issn         = {2169-3536},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2023-03711},
      pages        = {119947 - 119958},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {The energy mix of future power systems will include high
                      shares of electricity generation by wind turbines and solar
                      photovoltaics. These generation facilities are generally
                      connected via power-electronic inverters. While conventional
                      generation responds dynamically to the state of the electric
                      power system, inverters are power-electronic hardware and
                      need to be programmed to react to the state of the system.
                      Choosing an appropriate control scheme and the corresponding
                      parameters is necessary to guarantee that the system
                      operates safely. A prominent control scheme for inverters is
                      droop control, which mimics the response of conventional
                      generation. In this work, we investigate the stability of
                      coupled systems of droop-controlled inverters in arbitrary
                      network topologies. Employing linear stability analysis, we
                      derive effective local stability criteria that consider both
                      the overall network topology as well as its interplay with
                      the inverters’ intrinsic parameters. First, we explore the
                      stability of an inverter coupled to an infinite grid and
                      uncover stability and instability regions. Second, we extend
                      the analysis to a generic topology of inverters and provide
                      mathematical criteria for the stability and instability of
                      the system. Last, we showcase the usefulness of the criteria
                      by examining two model systems using numerical simulations.
                      The developed criteria show which parameters might lead to
                      an unstable operating state.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {621.3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {1122 - Design, Operation and Digitalization of the Future
                      Energy Grids (POF4-112) / HGF-ZT-I-0029 - Helmholtz UQ:
                      Uncertainty Quantification - from data to reliable knowledge
                      (HGF-ZT-I-0029) / DFG project 491111487 -
                      Open-Access-Publikationskosten / 2022 - 2024 /
                      Forschungszentrum Jülich (OAPKFZJ) (491111487)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122 / G:(DE-Ds200)HGF-ZT-I-0029 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)491111487},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001122437500001},
      doi          = {10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3320944},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1016719},
}