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@ARTICLE{Schweitzer:1027025,
      author       = {Schweitzer, Finja and Ladwig, Anne and Opala, Sarah and
                      Laurent, Sarah and Schroeter, Michael and Goelz, Susan and
                      Fink, Gereon R. and Wieland, Ulrike and Silling, Steffi and
                      Warnke, Clemens},
      title        = {{A}bsence of {JC} polyomavirus in stool samples of patients
                      with multiple sclerosis despite high anti-{JCV} antibodies
                      in serum},
      journal      = {Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders},
      volume       = {87},
      issn         = {2211-0348},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2024-03591},
      pages        = {105664 -},
      year         = {2024},
      abstract     = {Background: Natalizumab is an effective treatment for
                      relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). During therapy,
                      individualsare at increased risk of developing progressive
                      multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). So far, therelevant
                      reservoir for PML-type JC polyomavirus (JCV) remains
                      elusive. We here tested if the detection of JCVDNAin stool
                      of persons with MS treated with natalizumab could be a
                      future tool for PML risk assessment.Methods: The presence of
                      JCV-DNA in stool, urine, and whole blood of MS patients
                      treated with natalizumab andknown serum anti-JCV antibodies
                      index values (IV) was studied. Different DNA extraction
                      methods, real-time(RT) and droplet digital (dd) PCR
                      techniques were compared. JCV isolates were screened for
                      PML-associatedvariants by sequencing.Results: Thirty MS
                      patients treated with natalizumab were screened. For 21
                      patients, blood, stool, and urinesamples were available.
                      These patients were stratified according to their serum
                      anti-JCV antibody IV (high (>1.5,n = 12); medium (1.5–0.9,
                      n = 2); low (<0.9, n = 1); negative (n = 6)). JCV-DNA could
                      not be detected in thewhole blood or stool samples. Four
                      urine samples had measurable JCV-DNA, ranging from
                      1.71×104–1.07×108international units (IU)/mL detected by
                      RT-PCR, corresponding to 4.62×104–9.85×106 copies/mL
                      measured byddPCR. All JCV variants were wild-type and
                      derived from patients with high antibody IV.Conclusion:
                      Stool-specific DNA extraction methods provided the highest
                      quality of DNA, while the sensitivity ofddPCR and RT- PCR
                      was comparable. Our findings do not support assessing stool
                      samples for PML risk stratificationin persons with MS.
                      Further studies are needed to explore where PML-associated
                      viral variants arise.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525) / DFG project 501362249 - Progressive multifokale
                      Leukenzephalopathie: Biomarker für eine frühzeitige
                      Diagnose, für die Risikovorhersage unter Immuntherapien
                      sowie für ein Ansprechen auf eine zielgerichtete Therapie
                      (501362249)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251 / G:(GEPRIS)501362249},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {38735204},
      UT           = {WOS:001243115500001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.msard.2024.105664},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1027025},
}