% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Krause:1041700,
      author       = {Krause, Hans-Joachim and Engelmann, Ulrich M.},
      title        = {{F}undamentals and {A}pplications of {D}ual‐{F}requency
                      {M}agnetic {P}article {S}pectroscopy: {R}eview for
                      {B}iomedicine and {M}aterials {C}haracterization},
      journal      = {Advanced science},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {13},
      issn         = {2198-3844},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-02387},
      pages        = {2416838},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {Open access},
      abstract     = {Superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNP) offer exciting
                      applications for engineering and biomedicine in imaging,
                      diagnostics, and therapy upon magnetic excitation.
                      Specifically, if excited at two distinct frequencies f1 and
                      f2, MNP responds with magnetic intermodulation frequencies
                      m·f1 ± n·f2 caused by their nonlinear magnetization.
                      These mixing frequencies are highly specific for MNP
                      properties, uniquely characterizing their presence. In this
                      review, the fundamentals of frequency mixing magnetic
                      detection (FMMD) as a special case of magnetic particle
                      spectroscopy (MPS) are reviewed, elaborating its functional
                      principle that enables a large dynamic range of detection of
                      MNP. Mathematical descriptions derived from Langevin
                      modeling and micromagnetic Monte-Carlo simulations show
                      matching predictions. The latest applications of FMMD in
                      nanomaterials characterization as well as diagnostic and
                      therapeutic biomedicine are highlighted: analysis of the
                      phase of the FMMD signal characterizes the magnetic
                      relaxation of MNP, allowing to determine hydrodynamic size
                      and binding state. Variation of excitation amplitudes or
                      magnetic offset fields enables determining the size
                      distribution of the particles’ magnetic cores. This
                      permits multiplex detection of polydisperse MNP in magnetic
                      immunoassays, realized successfully for various biomolecular
                      targets such as viruses, bacteria, proteins, and toxins. A
                      portable magnetic reader enables portable immunodetection at
                      point-of-care. Future applications toward theranostics are
                      summarized and elaborated.},
      cin          = {IBI-3},
      ddc          = {624},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-3-20200312},
      pnm          = {5241 - Molecular Information Processing in Cellular Systems
                      (POF4-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {39985275},
      UT           = {WOS:001427483100001},
      doi          = {10.1002/advs.202416838},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1041700},
}