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@INPROCEEDINGS{Hoven:1046656,
      author       = {Hoven, Dominik and van der Kruk, Jan and Warren, Craig and
                      Vereecken, Harry and Klotzsche, Anja},
      title        = {{R}ecent developments and possible applications of the
                      2.5{D} {GPR} full-waveform inversion for high resolution
                      subsurface imaging},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-03888},
      isbn         = {979-8-3315-2335-0},
      pages        = {1-4},
      year         = {2025},
      comment      = {2025 13th International Workshop on Advanced Ground
                      Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR) : [Proceedings] - IEEE, 2025. -
                      ISBN 979-8-3315-2335-0 -
                      doi:10.1109/IWAGPR65621.2025.11109029},
      booktitle     = {2025 13th International Workshop on
                       Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar
                       (IWAGPR) : [Proceedings] - IEEE, 2025.
                       - ISBN 979-8-3315-2335-0 -
                       doi:10.1109/IWAGPR65621.2025.11109029},
      abstract     = {Over the past 15 years, GPR full-waveform inversion (FWI)
                      has shown high potential in a wide range of applications.
                      Since most of these studies have been applied in the
                      computationally attractive 2D environment, limitations
                      emerge with respect to antenna modeling and wave propagation
                      effects, consequently leading to errors in the reconstructed
                      parameters. Here, we present recent developments for the
                      conjugate gradient GPR FWI with a focus on a 2.5D approach,
                      which can incorporate complex geometries, such as circular
                      boreholes and finite-length antennas. Additionally, for
                      high-frequency GPR applications such as related to soil
                      columns, an enhanced model description can improve the
                      medium reconstruction. The proposed methodology employs a 3D
                      forward model and a 2D inversion plane, enabling the
                      incorporation of three-dimensional structures and enhancing
                      the precision of the results. We demonstrate the benefits of
                      our method through three examples: typical crosshole GPR
                      setup, variable aquifer conditions, and a lysimeter study.
                      Our results show an improved reconstruction of the
                      subsurface, reduced errors in crosshole GPR setups and
                      centimeter resolution for the lysimeter study. Our study
                      demonstrated the potential of 2.5D GPR FWI for
                      high-resolution imaging of the critical zone, enabling
                      improved medium characterization and a better understanding
                      of flow and transport processes in complex subsurface
                      environments.},
      month         = {Jul},
      date          = {2025-07-01},
      organization  = {13th International Workshop on
                       Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar,
                       Thessaloniki (Greece), 1 Jul 2025 - 4
                       Jul 2025},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8 / PUB:(DE-HGF)7},
      doi          = {10.1109/IWAGPR65621.2025.11109029},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1046656},
}