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@ARTICLE{Schmitt:1047620,
      author       = {Schmitt, J. and Zimmermann, S. and Kirner, C. and Vaßen,
                      R. and Schein, J. and Mauer, G.},
      title        = {{I}nvestigation of the {P}rocess {S}tability and
                      {E}ffectiveness {U}sing a {M}ulti-{A}rc {S}praying {T}orch
                      with {A}xial {S}uspension {I}njection},
      journal      = {Journal of thermal spray technology},
      volume       = {TBD},
      issn         = {1059-9630},
      address      = {Boston, Mass.},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-04420},
      pages        = {TBD},
      year         = {2025},
      note         = {CC 4.0},
      abstract     = {The Axial IIITM torch is a multi-arc plasma generator
                      equipped with three single cathode–anode units. It is
                      widely used for suspension plasma spraying because of its
                      axial feedstock injection. Previous work has shown that the
                      plasma jet is not completely homogeneous, due to power
                      fluctuations and the triple distribution of the plasma
                      enthalpy. This could affect the stability and efficiency of
                      the spraying process. Therefore, state-of-the-art process
                      diagnostics were used to further characterize the process.
                      The plasma characteristics were studied at three different
                      compositions while spraying a $30\%$ $wt.\%$ Y2O2
                      water-based suspension using two different nozzle
                      geometries. Time-resolved measurements of voltages and
                      currents were used to gain insight into the arc dynamics and
                      the plasma-suspension interaction. The resulting in-flight
                      particle temperatures and velocities were analyzed using the
                      Accuraspray 4.0. The specific plasma gas composition,
                      particularly the nitrogen content, affected the temperature
                      and transport coefficients of the plasma and thus the
                      particle characteristics. These factors, in turn, directly
                      affected the deposition efficiency and the microstructure of
                      the resulting coatings, as demonstrated by the experiments.
                      Meanwhile, the overall process efficiency decreased for the
                      nozzle with the reduced expansion ratio. This study provides
                      the basis for deriving measures to improve the stability and
                      efficiency of suspension plasma spraying.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2025-05-05},
      organization  = {2025 International Thermal Spray
                       Conference, Vancouver (Canada), 5 May
                       2025 - 8 May 2025},
      cin          = {IMD-2},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IMD-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1241 - Gas turbines (POF4-124) / DFG project
                      G:(GEPRIS)501838742 - Gezielte Verbesserung der Stabilität
                      und Effizienz des Suspensionsplasmaspritzens mittels
                      angepasster diagnostischer Methoden (501838742)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1241 / G:(GEPRIS)501838742},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8 / PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11666-025-02093-2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1047620},
}