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@INPROCEEDINGS{Wortmann:1048189,
      author       = {Wortmann, Bernhard},
      title        = {{C}ooling {W}ater {R}equirements for {E}lectrolysis:
                      {A}ssessing {W}ater {C}onsumption under {L}ocal {C}limate
                      and {O}perating {C}onditions},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2025-04551},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {The stoichiometric water consumption for hydrogen
                      production by electrolysis is relatively modest. However, a
                      significant portion of the total water usage is driven by
                      the cooling requirements of the electrolysis process. While
                      the stoichiometric water demand is fixed by the
                      electrochemical reaction, water requirements for cooling
                      electrolysis varies widely depending on local meteorological
                      and operating parameters. Despite its increasing prominence
                      in sustainable hydrogen production, the significant
                      variability in cooling water requirements for electrolysis
                      across different climates and regions has not been
                      adequately quantified. This work aims to address this gap by
                      introducing a thermodynamic model tailored to three distinct
                      cooling technologies: once-through cooling, wet cooling, and
                      air-fin cooling. Results are contextualized by incorporating
                      energy requirements and cost analyses, enabling
                      comprehensive recommendations for sustainable water
                      management. The results indicate that once-through cooling
                      systems, while consuming more water overall, may be more
                      suitable in certain regions due to their lower energy demand
                      and reduced operational costs. This highlights the need for
                      region-specific strategies that balance water availability,
                      energy efficiency, and economic feasibility in the selection
                      of cooling technologies. By addressing the cooling demands
                      of electrolysis in diverse environmental contexts, this
                      study contributes to the broader discourse on
                      resource-efficient hydrogen production. The insights gained
                      are crucial for shaping policies and practices that ensure
                      both environmental and economic sustainability in the
                      hydrogen economy.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2025-10-05},
      organization  = {Conference on Sustainable Development
                       of Energy, Water and Environmental
                       Systems, Dubrovnik (Croatia), 5 Oct
                       2025 - 10 Oct 2025},
      cin          = {ICE-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1111 - Effective System Transformation Pathways (POF4-111)
                      / 1112 - Societally Feasible Transformation Pathways
                      (POF4-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1111 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1112},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1048189},
}