001050650 001__ 1050650 001050650 005__ 20260115114537.0 001050650 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41592-025-02818-9 001050650 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1548-7091 001050650 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1548-7105 001050650 037__ $$aFZJ-2026-00402 001050650 082__ $$a610 001050650 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)173949$$aSachse, Carsten$$b0$$eCorresponding author 001050650 245__ $$aCryogenic STEM of thick biological specimens 001050650 260__ $$aLondon [u.a.]$$bNature Publishing Group$$c2025 001050650 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 001050650 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 001050650 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1768473917_18321 001050650 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 001050650 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 001050650 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 001050650 520__ $$aA cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) approach for analyzing thick biological specimens expands the reach of cryo-electron microscopy.In the past decade, structure determination and visualization of biological macromolecules by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become one of the most popular tools in structural biology1. The power of cryo-EM has relied on the capabilities of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which involves image formation in the microscope through electromagnetic lenses followed by comprehensive single-particle image processing. A few thousand well-defined particles can be sufficient to generate a resolution allowing reliable atomic model building. Despite the power of the established cryo-TEM approach, biological specimens can be too small, too heterogeneous or too thick and thus fall short of the commonly achieved resolutions. Moreover, determining biological structures at this resolution within the native cellular environment has only been possible in thin focused ion beam milled sections of approximately 100 nm thickness for very large and abundant macromolecular complexes such as the ribosome. 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