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@ARTICLE{Johnen:1053023,
      author       = {Johnen, Sascha and Althaus, Philipp and Stock, Jan and
                      Xhonneux, André and Müller, Dirk},
      title        = {{D}ata-driven approach on estimating the minimum required
                      supply temperature for building heating systems: method
                      development, extended application evaluation and sensitivity
                      analysis},
      journal      = {Journal of building performance simulation},
      volume       = {20},
      issn         = {1940-1493},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Taylor and Francis},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2026-01365},
      pages        = {1 - 15},
      year         = {2025},
      abstract     = {This paper presents a data-driven method to identify
                      possible heating supply temperature reductions in existing
                      buildings, which can improve the efficiency of heat supply
                      systems such as heat pumps or district heating. Traditional
                      analysis for supply temperature reduction is often
                      associated with high efforts, limiting widespread
                      applications. The proposed method identifies minimum
                      required heat curves based on historical demand data and
                      static information. The building demand is modelled relative
                      to outdoor temperatures for different clusters by time. The
                      demand of individual heaters is subsequently derived.
                      Applying the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD)
                      approach, the minimum required supply temperatures is
                      calculated, creating a heat curve for each identified demand
                      cluster. The results obtained using this method on real
                      office buildings reflect time-dependent demand and achieve
                      temperature reductions in existing buildings. The proposed
                      method thus offers a simplified and scalable approach to
                      identifying potential supply temperature reductions in
                      building heating systems.},
      cin          = {ICE-1},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICE-1-20170217},
      pnm          = {1121 - Digitalization and Systems Technology for
                      Flexibility Solutions (POF4-112) / 1122 - Design, Operation
                      and Digitalization of the Future Energy Grids (POF4-112)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1121 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1122},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1080/19401493.2025.2493868},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1053023},
}