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000171758 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1109/JSTQE.2014.2341562
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000171758 037__ $$aFZJ-2014-05324
000171758 041__ $$aEnglish
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000171758 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBronzi, Danilo$$b0$$eCorresponding Author
000171758 245__ $$a100 000 Frames/s 64 x 32 Single-Photon Detector Array for 2-D Imaging and 3-D Ranging
000171758 260__ $$aNew York, NY$$bIEEE$$c2014
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000171758 520__ $$aWe report on the design and characterization of a multipurpose 64 × 32 CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array. The chip is fabricated in a high-voltage 0.35-μm CMOS technology and consists of 2048 pixels, each combining a very low noise (100 cps at 5-V excess bias) 30-μm SPAD, a prompt avalanche sensing circuit, and digital processing electronics. The array not only delivers two-dimensional intensity information through photon counting in either free-running (down to 10-μs integration time) or time-gated mode, but can also perform smart light demodulation with in-pixel background suppression. The latter feature enables phase-resolved imaging for extracting either three-dimensional depth-resolved images or decay lifetime maps, bymeasuring the phase shift between amodulated excitation light and the reflected photons. Pixel-level memories enable fully parallel processing and global-shutter readout, preventing motion artifacts (e.g., skew, wobble, motion blur) and partial exposure effects. The array is able to acquire very fast optical events at high frame-rate (up to 100 000 fps) and at single-photon level. Lownoise SPADs ensure high dynamic range (up to 110 dB at 100 fps) with peak photon detection efficiency of almost 50% at 410 nm. The SPAD imager provides different operating modes, thus, enabling both time-domain applications, like fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, as well as frequency-domain FLIM and lock-in 3-D ranging for automotive vision and lidar.
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000171758 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aVilla, Federica$$b1
000171758 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTisa, Simone$$b2
000171758 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTosi, Alberto$$b3
000171758 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZappa, Franco$$b4
000171758 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)161528$$aDurini, Daniel$$b5$$ufzj
000171758 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWeyers, Sascha$$b6
000171758 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBrockherde, Werner$$b7
000171758 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2025385-0$$a10.1109/JSTQE.2014.2341562$$gVol. 20, no. 6, p. 1 - 10$$n6$$p1 - 10$$tIEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics$$v20$$x1558-4542$$y2014
000171758 8564_ $$uhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abstractAuthors.jsp?arnumber=6872788
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