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@INPROCEEDINGS{Gschwandtner:186082,
      author       = {Gschwandtner, Philipp and Knobloch, Michael and Mohr, Bernd
                      and Pleiter, Dirk and Fahringer, Thomas},
      title        = {{M}odeling {CPU} {E}nergy {C}onsumption of {HPC}
                      {A}pplications on the {IBM} {POWER}7},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-00183},
      pages        = {536 - 543},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Energy consumption optimization of HPC applications
                      inherently requires measurements for reference and
                      comparison. However, most of today’s systems lack the
                      necessary hardware support for power or energy measurements.
                      Furthermore, in-band data availability is preferred for
                      specific optimization techniques such as auto-tuning. For
                      this reason, we present in-band energy consumption models
                      for the IBM POWER7 processor based on hardware counters. We
                      demonstrate that linear regression is a suitable means for
                      modeling energy consumption, and we rely on already
                      available, highlevelbenchmarks for training instead of
                      self-written or handtuned micro-kernels. We compare modeling
                      efforts for different instruction mixes caused by two
                      compilers (GCC and IBM XL) as well as various
                      multi-threading usage scenarios, and validate across our
                      training benchmarks and two real-world applications. Results
                      show mean errors of approximately $1\%$ and overall max
                      errors of $5.3\%$ for GCC.},
      month         = {Feb},
      date          = {2014-02-12},
      organization  = {2014 22nd Euromicro International
                       Conference on Parallel, Distributed and
                       Network-Based Processing (PDP), Torino
                       (Italy), 12 Feb 2014 - 14 Feb 2014},
      cin          = {JSC},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {411 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF2-411) / ATMLPP - ATML Parallel Performance (ATMLPP)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-411 / G:(DE-Juel-1)ATMLPP},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8},
      UT           = {WOS:000353964700080},
      doi          = {10.1109/PDP.2014.112},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/186082},
}