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@ARTICLE{Metzner:188812,
      author       = {Metzner, Ralf and Eggert, Anja and van Dusschoten, Dagmar
                      and Pflugfelder, Daniel and Gerth, Stefan and Schurr, Ulrich
                      and Uhlmann, Norman and Jahnke, Siegfried},
      title        = {{D}irect comparison of {MRI} and {X}-ray {CT} technologies
                      for 3{D} imaging of root systems in soil: potential and
                      challenges for root trait quantification},
      journal      = {Plant methods},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1746-4811},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-02120},
      pages        = {17},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {BackgroundRoots are vital to plants for soil exploration
                      and uptake of water and nutrients. Root performance is
                      critical for growth and yield of plants, in particular when
                      resources are limited. Since roots develop in strong
                      interaction with the soil matrix, tools are required that
                      can visualize and quantify root growth in opaque soil at
                      best in 3D. Two modalities that are suited for such
                      investigations are X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) and
                      Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Due to the different
                      physical principles they are based on, these modalities have
                      their specific potentials and challenges for root
                      phenotyping. We compared the two methods by imaging the same
                      root systems grown in 3 different pot sizes with inner
                      diameters of 34 mm, 56 mm or 81 mm.ResultsBoth methods
                      successfully visualized roots of two weeks old bean plants
                      in all three pot sizes. Similar root images and almost the
                      same root length were obtained for roots grown in the small
                      pot, while more root details showed up in the CT images
                      compared to MRI. For the medium sized pot, MRI showed more
                      roots and higher root lengths whereas at some spots thin
                      roots were only found by CT and the high water content
                      apparently affected CT more than MRI. For the large pot, MRI
                      detected much more roots including some laterals than
                      CT.ConclusionsBoth techniques performed equally well for
                      pots with small diameters which are best suited to monitor
                      root development of seedlings. To investigate specific root
                      details or finely graduated root diameters of thin roots, CT
                      was advantageous as it provided the higher spatial
                      resolution. For larger pot diameters, MRI delivered higher
                      fractions of the root systems than CT, most likely because
                      of the strong root-to-soil contrast achievable by MRI. Since
                      complementary information can be gathered with CT and MRI, a
                      combination of the two modalities could open a whole range
                      of additional possibilities like analysis of root system
                      traits in different soil structures or under varying soil
                      moisture.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000350859000001},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25774207},
      doi          = {10.1186/s13007-015-0060-z},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/188812},
}