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@ARTICLE{Elgeti:200858,
      author       = {Elgeti, Jens and Winkler, Roland G. and Gompper, Gerhard},
      title        = {{P}hysics of microswimmers - single particle motion and
                      collective behavior: a review},
      journal      = {Reports on progress in physics},
      volume       = {78},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {0034-4885},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-03231},
      pages        = {056601},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Locomotion and transport of microorganisms in fluids is an
                      essential aspect of life. Search for food, orientation
                      toward light, spreading of off-spring, and the formation of
                      colonies are only possible due to locomotion. Swimming at
                      the microscale occurs at low Reynolds numbers, where fluid
                      friction and viscosity dominates over inertia. Here,
                      evolution achieved propulsion mechanisms, which overcome and
                      even exploit drag. Prominent propulsion mechanisms are
                      rotating helical flagella, exploited by many bacteria, and
                      snake-like or whip-like motion of eukaryotic flagella,
                      utilized by sperm and algae. For artificial microswimmers,
                      alternative concepts to convert chemical energy or heat into
                      directed motion can be employed, which are potentially more
                      efficient. The dynamics of microswimmers comprises many
                      facets, which are all required to achieve locomotion. In
                      this article, we review the physics of locomotion of
                      biological and synthetic microswimmers, and the collective
                      behavior of their assemblies. Starting from individual
                      microswimmers, we describe the various propulsion mechanism
                      of biological and synthetic systems and address the
                      hydrodynamic aspects of swimming. This comprises
                      synchronization and the concerted beating of flagella and
                      cilia. In addition, the swimming behavior next to surfaces
                      is examined. Finally, collective and cooperate phenomena of
                      various types of isotropic and anisotropic swimmers with and
                      without hydrodynamic interactions are discussed.},
      cin          = {IAS-2 / ICS-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-2-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-2-20110106},
      pnm          = {553 - Physical Basis of Diseases (POF3-553)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-553},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000354881600003},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25919479},
      doi          = {10.1088/0034-4885/78/5/056601},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/200858},
}