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@ARTICLE{Wulfhekel:201838,
      author       = {Wulfhekel, Wulf and Blügel, Stefan},
      title        = {{S}pins on surfaces},
      journal      = {Surface science},
      volume       = {630},
      issn         = {0039-6028},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2015-04132},
      pages        = {300},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The electron spin is a consequence of relativistic quantum
                      mechanics and determines the symmetry of the many-body wave
                      function or alternatively in the single-particle description
                      used in Fermi liquid theory determines the statistics of
                      state population. Combined with the Coulomb interaction, the
                      spin leads to the effect of exchange interaction, which is a
                      relatively strong interaction of quantum nature only dwarfed
                      by the bare, i.e. classical, Coulomb potential between
                      electrons and electrons or nuclei. Thus, the exchange
                      contributes a significant part of the ground state energy
                      and it is no surprise that it leads to a wide variety of
                      magnetic ground states of matter. Historically, these
                      magnetic ground states have been explored by techniques
                      accessing the magnetization, susceptibility or heat
                      capacity, i.e. by bulk properties. Also the case of few
                      magnetic impurities embedded in a non-magnetic metal has
                      been studied extensively in the bulk phase. Below the Kondo
                      temperature, the conductivity of the metallic alloy
                      increases upon cooling, an observation which cannot be
                      explained by electron-phonon interaction. It was Kondo who
                      explained this effect due to the formation of a many-body
                      ground state in which the localized magnetic moment of the
                      impurity is screend by conduction electrons to form an
                      antiferromagnetically-coupled singlet state, which enhances
                      scattering in transport measurements},
      cin          = {IAS-1 / PGI-1 / JARA-FIT},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-1-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$},
      pnm          = {422 - Spin-based and quantum information (POF2-422)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-422},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000344435900041},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.susc.2014.09.006},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/201838},
}