Journal Article

FZJ-2015-04311

http://join2-wiki.gsi.de/foswiki/pub/Main/Artwork/join2_logo100x88.png Mechanisms and neural basis of object and pattern recognition: A study with chess experts.

Bilalić, M. (Corresponding Author) ; Langner, R.FZJ* ; Erb, M. ; Grodd, W.

2010
Assoc. [Washington, DC]

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Please use a persistent id in citations: doi:10.1037/a0020756

Abstract: Comparing experts with novices offers unique insights into the functioning of cognition based on the maximization of individual differences Here we used this expertise approach to disentangle the mechanisms and neural basis behind two processes that contribute to everyday expertise object and pattern recognition We compared chess experts and novices performing chess related and unrelated (visual) search tasks As expected the superiority of experts was limited to the chess specific task as there were no differences in a control task that used the same chess stimuli but did not require chess specific recognition The analysis of eye movements showed that experts immediately and exclusively focused on the relevant aspects in the chess task whereas novices also examined irrelevant aspects With random chess positions when pattern knowledge could not be used to guide perception experts nevertheless maintained an advantage Experts superior domain specific parafoveal vision a consequence of their knowledge about individual domain specific symbols enabled Improved object recognition Functional magnetic resonance imaging corroborated this differentiation between object and pattern recognition and showed that chess specific object recognition was accompanied by bilateral activation of the occipitotemporal junction whereas chess specific pattern recognition was related to bilateral activations in the middle part of the collateral sulci Using the expertise approach together with carefully chosen controls and multiple dependent measures we identified object and pattern recognition as two essential cognitive processes in expert visual cognition which may also help to explain the mechanisms of everyday perception

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Contributing Institute(s):

1. Molekulare Organisation des Gehirns (INM-2)

Research Program(s):

1. 333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333) (POF2-333)

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Database coverage:
; BIOSIS Previews ; Current Contents - Social and Behavioral Sciences ; IF >= 5 ; JCR ; SCOPUS ; Social Sciences Citation Index ; Thomson Reuters Master Journal List ; Web of Science Core Collection

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