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@ARTICLE{Urbain:280644,
      author       = {Urbain, Felix and Smirnov, Vladimir and Becker, Jan Philipp
                      and Lambertz, Andreas and Yang, Florent and Ziegler, Jürgen
                      and Kaiser, Bernhard and Jaegermann, Wolfram and Rau, Uwe
                      and Finger, Friedhelm},
      title        = {{M}ultijunction {S}i photocathodes with tunable
                      photovoltages from 2.0 {V} to 2.8 {V} for light induced
                      water splitting},
      journal      = {Energy $\&$ environmental science},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1754-5706},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-00409},
      pages        = {145 - 154},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {We report on the development of high performance triple and
                      quadruple junction solar cells made of amorphous (a-Si:H)
                      and microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) for the application
                      as photocathodes in integrated
                      photovoltaic–electrosynthetic devices for solar water
                      splitting. We show that the electronic properties of the
                      individual sub cells can be adjusted such that the
                      photovoltages of multijunction devices cover a wide range of
                      photovoltages from 2.0 V up to 2.8 V with photovoltaic
                      efficiencies of $13.6\%$ for triple and $13.2\%$ for
                      quadruple cells. The ability to provide self-contained solar
                      water splitting is demonstrated in a PV-biased
                      electrosynthetic (PV-EC) cell. With the developed triple
                      junction photocathode in the a-Si:H/a-Si:H/μc-Si:H
                      configuration we achieved an operation photocurrent density
                      of 7.7 mA cm−2 at 0 V applied bias using a Ag/Pt layer
                      stack as photocathode/electrolyte contact and ruthenium
                      oxide as counter electrode. Assuming a faradaic efficiency
                      of $100\%,$ this corresponds to a solar-to-hydrogen
                      efficiency of $9.5\%.$ The quadruple junction device
                      provides enough excess voltage to substitute precious metal
                      catalyst, such as Pt by more earth-abundant materials, such
                      as Ni without impairing the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {121 - Solar cells of the next generation (POF3-121) / HITEC
                      - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy
                      and Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-121 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000367622700017},
      doi          = {10.1039/C5EE02393A},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/280644},
}