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@ARTICLE{Hoppe:809741,
      author       = {Hoppe, Charlotte and Ploeger, Felix and Konopka, Paul and
                      Müller, Rolf},
      title        = {{K}inematic and diabatic vertical velocity climatologies
                      from a chemistry climate model},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02668},
      pages        = {6223 - 6239},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The representation of vertical velocity in chemistry
                      climate models is a key element for the representation of
                      the large-scale Brewer–Dobson circulation in the
                      stratosphere. Here, we diagnose and compare the kinematic
                      and diabatic vertical velocities in the ECHAM/Modular Earth
                      Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model.
                      The calculation of kinematic vertical velocity is based on
                      the continuity equation, whereas diabatic vertical velocity
                      is computed using diabatic heating rates. Annual and monthly
                      zonal mean climatologies of vertical velocity from a 10-year
                      simulation are provided for both kinematic and diabatic
                      vertical velocity representations. In general, both vertical
                      velocity patterns show the main features of the
                      stratospheric circulation, namely, upwelling at low
                      latitudes and downwelling at high latitudes. The main
                      difference in the vertical velocity pattern is a more
                      uniform structure for diabatic and a noisier structure for
                      kinematic vertical velocity. Diabatic vertical velocities
                      show higher absolute values both in the upwelling branch in
                      the inner tropics and in the downwelling regions in the
                      polar vortices. Further, there is a latitudinal shift of the
                      tropical upwelling branch in boreal summer between the two
                      vertical velocity representations with the tropical
                      upwelling region in the diabatic representation shifted
                      southward compared to the kinematic case. Furthermore, we
                      present mean age of air climatologies from two transport
                      schemes in EMAC using these different vertical velocities
                      and analyze the impact of residual circulation and mixing
                      processes on the age of air. The age of air distributions
                      show a hemispheric difference pattern in the stratosphere
                      with younger air in the Southern Hemisphere and older air in
                      the Northern Hemisphere using the transport scheme with
                      diabatic vertical velocities. Further, the age of air
                      climatology from the transport scheme using diabatic
                      vertical velocities shows a younger mean age of air in the
                      inner tropical upwelling branch and an older mean age in the
                      extratropical tropopause region.},
      cin          = {IEK-7 / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013 / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244) / Chemisches Lagrangesches
                      Modell der Stratosphäre (CLaMS) $(jicg11_20090701)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244 / $G:(DE-Juel1)jicg11_20090701$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000378354100012},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-16-6223-2016},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/809741},
}