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@ARTICLE{Meier:824036,
      author       = {Meier, Patrick and Motschmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Jürgen and
                      Spahn, Frank and Hill, Thomas W. and Dong, Yaxue and Jones,
                      Geraint H. and Kriegel, Hendrik},
      title        = {{M}odeling the total dust production of {E}nceladus from
                      stochastic charge equilibrium and simulations},
      journal      = {Planetary and space science},
      volume       = {119},
      issn         = {0032-0633},
      address      = {Kidlington [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-06662},
      pages        = {208 - 221},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Negatively and positively charged nano-sized ice grains
                      were detected in the Enceladus plume by the Cassini Plasma
                      Spectrometer (CAPS). However, no data for uncharged grains,
                      and thus for the total amount of dust, are available. In
                      this paper we estimate this population of uncharged grains
                      based on a model of stochastic charging in thermodynamic
                      equilibrium and on the assumption of quasi-neutrality in the
                      plasma-dust system. This estimation is improved upon by
                      combining simulations of the dust component of the plume and
                      simulations for the plasma environment into one
                      self-consistent model. Calibration of this model with CAPS
                      data provides a total dust production rate of about 12 kg
                      s−1, including larger dust grains up to a few microns in
                      size. We find that the fraction of charged grains dominates
                      over that of the uncharged grains. Moreover, our model
                      reproduces densities of both negatively and positively
                      charged nanograins measured by Cassini CAPS. In Enceladus׳
                      plume ion densities up to View the MathML source~104cm−3
                      are required by the self-consistent model, resulting in an
                      electron depletion of about $50\%$ in the plasma, because
                      electrons are attached to the negatively charged nanograins.
                      These ion densities correspond to effective ionization rates
                      of about View the MathML source10−7s−1, which are about
                      two orders of magnitude higher than expected.},
      ddc          = {620},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899) / Plasma and Dust Simulations
                      on the Saturnian Rings $(hbs06_20111101)$},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899 / $G:(DE-Juel1)hbs06_20111101$},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.pss.2015.10.002},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/824036},
}