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@ARTICLE{Kalisch:825098,
      author       = {Kalisch, Silvio and Chun, H.-Y. and Ern, M. and Preusse, P.
                      and Trinh, Thai and Eckermann, S. D. and Riese, Martin},
      title        = {{C}omparison of simulated and observed convective gravity
                      waves},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {121},
      number       = {22},
      issn         = {2169-897X},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-07575},
      pages        = {13,474 - 13,492},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Gravity waves (GWs) from convection have horizontal
                      wavelengths typically shorter than 100 km. Resolving these
                      waves in state-of-the-art atmospheric models still remains
                      challenging. Also, their time-dependent excitation process
                      cannot be represented by a common GW drag parametrization
                      with static launch distribution. Thus, the aim of this paper
                      is to investigate the excitation and three-dimensional
                      propagation of GWs forced by deep convection in the
                      troposphere and estimate their influence on the middle
                      atmosphere. For that purpose, the GW ray tracer Gravity-wave
                      Regional Or Global Ray Tracer (GROGRAT) has been coupled to
                      the Yonsei convective GW source model. The remaining free
                      model parameters have been constrained by measurements. This
                      work led to a coupled convective GW model representing
                      convective GWs forced from small cells of deep convection up
                      to large-scale convective clusters. In order to compare our
                      simulation results with observed global distributions of
                      momentum flux, limitations of satellite instruments were
                      taken into account: The observational filter of a
                      limb-viewing satellite instrument restricts measurements of
                      GWs to waves with horizontal wavelengths longer than 100 km.
                      Convective GWs, however, often have shorter wavelengths.
                      This effect is taken into account when comparing simulated
                      and observable GW spectra. We find good overall agreement
                      between simulated and observed GW global distributions, if
                      superimposed with a nonorographic background spectrum for
                      higher-latitude coverage. Our findings indicate that parts
                      of the convective GW spectrum can indeed be observed by
                      limb-sounding satellites.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000393127800015},
      doi          = {10.1002/2016JD025235},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/825098},
}