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@ARTICLE{Grube:825806,
      author       = {Grube, Thomas and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{T}he {I}mpact of {D}rive {C}ycles and {A}uxiliary {P}ower
                      on {P}assenger {C}ar {F}uel {E}conomy},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-00108},
      pages        = {1010 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {In view of the advancement of zero emission transportation
                      and current discussions on the reliability of nominal
                      passenger car fuel economy, this article considers the
                      procedure for assessing the potential for reducing the fuel
                      consumption of passenger cars by using electric power to
                      operate them. The analysis compares internal combustion
                      engines, hybrid and fully electric concepts utilizing
                      batteries and fuel cells. The starting point for the newly
                      developed, simulation-based fuel consumption analysis is a
                      longitudinal vehicle model. Mechanical power requirements on
                      the drive side incorporate a large variety of standardized
                      drive cycles to simulate typical patterns of car usage. The
                      power requirements of electric heating and air conditioning
                      are also included in the simulation, as these are especially
                      relevant to electric powertrains. Moreover, on-board
                      grid-load profiles are considered in the assessment. Fuel
                      consumption is optimized by applying concept-specific
                      operating strategies. The results show that the combination
                      of low average driving speed and elevated onboard power
                      requirements have severe impacts on the fuel efficiency of
                      all powertrain configurations analyzed. In particular, the
                      operational range of battery-electric vehicles is strongly
                      affected by this due to the limited storage capacity of
                      today’s batteries. The analysis confirms the significance
                      of considering different load patterns of vehicle usage
                      related to driving profiles and onboard electrical and
                      thermal loads.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000434703400321},
      doi          = {10.3390/en11041010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/825806},
}