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@ARTICLE{Spilker:840261,
      author       = {Spilker, B. and Linke, J. and Pintsuk, G. and Wirtz, M.},
      title        = {{T}hermal {S}hock {I}nduced {O}xidation of {B}eryllium},
      journal      = {Physica scripta},
      volume       = {T170},
      issn         = {1402-4896},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IoP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-07810},
      pages        = {014055 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Beryllium has been chosen as a plasma facing material for
                      the first wall of the experimental fusion reactor ITER,
                      mainly because of its low atomic number and oxygen getter
                      capabilities, which are favorable for a high plasma
                      performance. While the steady state operational temperature
                      of 250 °C has no deteriorating effect on the beryllium
                      surface, transient plasma events can deposit power densities
                      of up to 1 GW m−2 on the beryllium armor tiles. Previous
                      research has shown that the oxidation of beryllium can occur
                      under these thermal shock events. In the present study, S-65
                      grade beryllium specimens were exposed to 100 thermal shocks
                      with an absorbed power density of 0.6 GW m−2 and a pulse
                      duration of 1 ms, leading to a peak surface temperature of
                      ~800 °C. The induced surface morphology changes were
                      compared to a steady state heated specimen at the same
                      surface temperature with a holding time of 150 s. As a
                      result, a pitting structure with an average pit diameter of
                      ~0.45 μm was observed on the thermal shock loaded surface,
                      which was caused by beryllium oxide grain nucleation and
                      subsequent erosion of the weakly bound beryllium oxide
                      particles. In contrast, the steady state heated surface
                      exhibited a more homogeneous beryllium oxide layer featuring
                      small pits with diameters of tens of nm and showed the
                      beryllium oxide grain nucleation in a beginning stage. The
                      experiment demonstrated that thermal shock loading
                      conditions can significantly accelerate the beryllium oxide
                      grain nucleation. The resulting surface morphology change
                      can potentially alter the fusion application relevant
                      erosion, absorption, and retention characteristics of
                      beryllium.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000415851000002},
      doi          = {10.1088/1402-4896/aa90c2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/840261},
}