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@ARTICLE{Senden:841198,
      author       = {Senden, Mario and Reuter, Niels and van den Heuvel, Martijn
                      and Goebel, Rainer and Deco, Gustavo and Gilson, Matthieu},
      title        = {{T}ask-related effective connectivity reveals that the
                      cortical rich club gates cortex-wide communication},
      journal      = {Human brain mapping},
      volume       = {39},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1065-9471},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2017-08291},
      pages        = {1246-1262},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Higher cognition may require the globally coordinated
                      integration of specialized brain regions into functional
                      networks. A collection of cortical hubs - referred to as the
                      rich club - has been hypothesized to support task-specific
                      functional integration. In the present paper, we use a
                      whole-cortex model to estimate directed interactions between
                      68 cortical regions from fMRI activity for four different
                      tasks (reflecting different cognitive domains) and resting
                      state. We analyze the state-dependent input and output
                      effective connectivity of the rich club and relate these to
                      whole-cortex dynamics and network reconfigurations. We find
                      that the cortical rich club exhibits an increase in outgoing
                      effective connectivity during task performance as compared
                      to rest while incoming connectivity remains constant.
                      Increased outgoing connectivity targets a sparse set of
                      peripheral regions with specific regions strongly
                      overlapping between tasks. At the same time, community
                      detection analyses reveal massive reorganizations of
                      interactions among peripheral regions, including those
                      serving as target of increased rich cub output. This
                      suggests that while peripheral regions can play a role in
                      several tasks, their interplay might nonetheless be
                      task-specific. Furthermore, we observe that whole-cortex
                      dynamics are faster during task as compared to rest. The
                      decoupling effects usually accompanying faster dynamics
                      appear to be counteracted by the increased rich club
                      outgoing effective connectivity. Together our findings speak
                      to a gating mechanism of the rich club that supports
                      fast-paced information exchange among relevant peripheral
                      regions in a task-specific and goal-directed fashion, while
                      constantly listening to the whole network.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {571 - Connectivity and Activity (POF3-571)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-571},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1101/185603},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/841198},
}