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@ARTICLE{Gnther:842487,
      author       = {Günther, Annika and Höpfner, Michael and Sinnhuber,
                      Björn-Martin and Griessbach, Sabine and Deshler, Terry and
                      von Clarmann, Thomas and Stiller, Gabriele},
      title        = {{MIPAS} observations of volcanic sulphate aerosol and
                      sulphur dioxide in the stratosphere},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / Discussions},
      volume       = {538},
      issn         = {1680-7367},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-00712},
      pages        = {1 - 32},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Volcanic eruptions can increase the stratospheric sulphur
                      content by orders of magnitude above the background level
                      and are the most important source of variability of
                      stratospheric sulphur loading. We present a set of vertical
                      profiles of sulphate aerosol volume densities and derived
                      liquid-phase H2SO4 mole-fractions for 2005–2012, retrieved
                      from infrared limb emission measurements by the Michelson
                      Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on
                      board of the Environmental Satellite. The MIPAS aerosol
                      dataset has been corrected for a possible altitude-dependent
                      bias by comparison with balloon-borne in situ aerosol
                      measurements at Laramie, Wyoming. The MIPAS data of
                      stratospheric sulphate aerosol is linked to MIPAS
                      observations of sulphur dioxide (SO2) with the help of
                      Chemical Transport Model simulations. We investigate the
                      production of sulphate aerosol and its fate from
                      volcanically emitted SO2 for two volcanic case studies: the
                      eruptions of Kasatochi in 2008 and Sarychev in 2009, which
                      both occurred in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes
                      during boreal summer. We show that the MIPAS sulphate
                      aerosol and SO2 data are qualitatively and quantitatively
                      consistent to each other. Further, we demonstrate that the
                      lifetime of SO2 is well described by its oxidation by
                      hydroxyl radicals. While sedimentation of the sulphate
                      aerosol plays a role, we find that the dominant mechanism
                      controlling the stratospheric lifetime of sulphur after
                      these volcanic eruptions at mid-latitudes is transport in
                      the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Sulphur emitted by the two
                      mid-latitude volcanoes resides mostly north of 30° N at
                      altitudes of ~ 10–16 km, while at higher altitudes
                      (~ 18–22 km) part of the volcanic sulphur is
                      transported towards the equator where it is lifted into the
                      stratospheric "overworld" and can further be transported
                      into both hemispheres.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-2017-538},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/842487},
}