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@ARTICLE{Sakamoto:844182,
      author       = {Sakamoto, Ryuichi and Bernard, Elodie and Kreter, Arkadi
                      and Martin, Céline and Pégourié, Bernard and Pieters,
                      Gregory and Rousseau, Bernard and Grisolia, Christian and
                      Yoshida, Naoaki},
      title        = {{S}urface morphology in tungsten and {RAFM} steel exposed
                      to helium plasma in {PSI}-2},
      journal      = {Physica scripta},
      volume       = {T170},
      issn         = {1402-4896},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IoP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-01634},
      pages        = {014062 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Impact of the helium plasma exposure on the surface
                      modification in tungsten and reduced activation
                      ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel have been investigated on
                      the linear plasma device PSI-2 assuming the condition of
                      DEMO first wall. In tungsten, a nanoscale undulating surface
                      structure, which has a periodic arrangement, is formed under
                      low temperature conditions below fuzz nanostructure
                      formation threshold ~1000 K. Interval and direction of the
                      undulation shows dependence on the crystal orientation. A
                      large variation in surface level up to 200 nm has been
                      observed among grains at a fluence of $3\times {10}^{26}$ He
                      m−2 showing dependence of the surface erosion rate on the
                      crystal orientation. The {100} plane in which the undulating
                      surface structure is not formed shows the highest erosion
                      rate. This significant erosion is due to the multistage
                      sputtering through impurity. In RAFM steel, sponge-like
                      nanostructure is developed and it grows with increasing
                      helium fluence beyond 1 μm. In the sponge-like
                      nanostructure, a composition change from the base material
                      is observed in which the tungsten ratio increases while the
                      iron ratio decreases showing differences in sputtering ratio
                      depending on the atomic mass.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000417694700007},
      doi          = {10.1088/1402-4896/aa93a2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/844182},
}