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@BOOK{DiVincenzo:845776,
      key          = {845776},
      editor       = {DiVincenzo, David},
      title        = {{Q}uantum {I}nformation {P}rocessing},
      volume       = {52},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-02985},
      isbn         = {978-3-89336-833-4},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe
                      Schlüsseltechnologien / Key Technologies},
      pages        = {getr. Zählung},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {Quantum Information Science is a cross-disciplinary subject
                      that has arisen in the last twenty years. It concerns itself
                      with the consequences of our most complete description of
                      the physical world (that is, quantum mechanics) for the
                      reliable, secure, private, and rapid processing of
                      information, both in communication and computation. While
                      its invention is often ascribed to the famous theoretical
                      physicist Richard Feynman in the 1980s, his contributions
                      were only one of many that initiated the field around that
                      time. While he perceived that new types of physical devices,
                      in which the quantum laws of superposition and entanglement
                      function at the logical level, could give new power in the
                      simulation of quantum physics, it was others (Bennett,
                      Brassard) who showed that the uncertainty principle led to
                      fundamentally more secure ways of communicating secret
                      messages. It was yet others (Deutsch, Vazirani) who
                      understood that quantum theory defined a new kind of Turing
                      machine, and that not only quantum physics simulations, but
                      potentially many other computational problems, are sped up
                      in this machine. And it was yet another (Shor) who found a
                      simple, very fast algorithm for prime factorization. The
                      word "qubit" was coined only in 1995. Its introduction is
                      indicative of a new mindset that has developed in recent
                      years for studying and using quantum systems. "Qubit" now
                      stands for a durable paradigm that spans a very wide variety
                      of fields. It thus has many sub-meanings: first, it is the
                      basic abstract unit of information for workers ranging from
                      optical communication engineers to NMR spectroscopists to
                      black-hole theorists. Second, it is the name we now
                      routinely give to physical two level systems, as they are
                      realized by photons, atomic and ionic eigenlevels,
                      electronic and nuclear spin, structural defects in solids,
                      and circulating-current states of superconducting devices.
                      Physics has long dealt with some of these two-level systems,
                      but calling them qubits implies a whole suite of
                      interrelated ideas and capabilities that we ascribe to these
                      systems: the ability to precisely set, and to precisely
                      measure, the quantum state of one unique specimen, to avoid
                      its coupling with the environment while at the same time
                      strongly and controllably coupling the qubits together, to
                      exploit the resulting quantum entanglement as a resource for
                      metrological, cryptographic, and computational tasks.
                      Quantum Information is a very diverse subject pursued today
                      in many different directions, by many hundreds of
                      researchers internationally: In theoretical physics, it has
                      enlivened and sharpened the understanding of efficient
                      representations of entangled many-particle wavefunctions,
                      and has provided the prospect of applications for new
                      concepts such as anyons and majorana fermions. Information
                      theorists has benefitted from having a rigorous extension of
                      the basis of their field, in which classical information
                      theory is subsumed into a greatly broader subject.
                      Theoretical computer scientists continue the search for new
                      quantum algorithms, and have used quantum concepts to prove
                      new results about the classification of computational
                      complexity. Coding theorists have had the new and subtle
                      problem of quantum error correction to analyse and conquer.
                      Most strikingly, the program of experimental physics has
                      been influenced in many directions by Quantum Information
                      Science. State-of-the-art optics experiments transmit
                      quantum states over long distances and perform precision
                      manipulations in single quanta (atomic ions, impurity spins,
                      quantum dots) in the quest to have working quantum
                      cyptography and quantum computing. Quantum Hall systems, and
                      topological insulators, are being assiduously examined for
                      new elementary excitations for use as qubits. In the course
                      of ten years, superconducting devices have improved by over
                      four orders of magnitude in their quantum coherence, a
                      metric made precise by the ideas of quantum computing.
                      [...]},
      organization  = {IFF-Ferienschule,},
      cin          = {PGI-2 / IAS-3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-2-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {424 - Exploratory materials and phenomena (POF2-424)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-424},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)26},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/845776},
}