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@ARTICLE{Mller:848166,
      author       = {Möller, S. and Kuhn, B. and Rayaprolu, R. and Heuer, S.
                      and Rasinski, M. and Kreter, A.},
      title        = {{H}iper{F}er, a reduced activation ferritic steel tested
                      for nuclear fusion applications},
      journal      = {Nuclear materials and energy},
      volume       = {17},
      issn         = {2352-1791},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-03432},
      pages        = {9 - 14},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Materials are the most urgent issue in nuclear fusion
                      research. Besides tungsten, steels are considered for
                      unifying functional and structural materials due to their
                      cost and mechanical advantages over tungsten. However, the
                      fusion neutrons impose a strong constraint on the
                      ingredients of the steel in order to avoid long lasting
                      activation, while the material has to pertain sputtering
                      resistance, low hydrogen retention, and long-term mechanical
                      stability. In this proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the
                      interesting properties of the new material HiperFer (High
                      performance Ferrite) as a material suitable for fusion
                      applications.The investigation covers neutron activation
                      modelled by FISPACT-II, plasma sputtering and deuterium
                      retention experiments in PSI-2, thermo-mechanical properties
                      and component modelling. The material was found to feature a
                      low nuclear inventory. Its sputtering yield reduces due to
                      preferential sputtering by a factor 4 over the PSI-2 D2
                      plasma exposure with possible reductions of up to 70
                      indicated by SD.Trim.SP5 modelling. The exposure temperature
                      shows a strong influence on this reduction due to metal
                      diffusion, affecting layers of 1 µm in PSI-2 at 1150 K
                      exposure for 4 h. Deuterium retention in the ppm range was
                      found under all conditions, together with ∼10 ppm C and
                      N solubility of the ferritic material. The creep and cyclic
                      fatigue resistance exceed the values of Eu-97 steel. As an
                      all HiperFer component, heat loads in the order of 1.5
                      MW/m² could be tolerated using water-cooled monoblocks. In
                      conclusion, the material solves several contradictions
                      present with alternative reduced-activation steels, but its
                      applications temperatures >820 K also introduce new
                      engineering challenges.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-2 / IEK-4 / IEK-9},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {111 - Efficient and Flexible Power Plants (POF3-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000454165000002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.nme.2018.06.010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/848166},
}