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@ARTICLE{Tao:850805,
      author       = {Tao, M. and Pan, L. L. and Konopka, P. and Honomichl, S. B.
                      and Kinnison, D. E. and Apel, E. C.},
      title        = {{A} {L}agrangian {M}odel {D}iagnosis of {S}tratospheric
                      {C}ontributions to {T}ropical {M}idtropospheric {A}ir},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {123},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-04576},
      pages        = {9764-9785},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Airborne in situ observations during the Convective
                      Transport of Active Species in the Tropics campaign in
                      January–February 2014 revealed a large region over the
                      tropical western Pacific where the midtroposphere had a
                      layered structure with a distinct chemical signature of high
                      ozone and low water vapor (HOLW). The observed
                      anticorrelation between ozone and water vapor is a strong
                      indication of transport from the midlatitude upper
                      troposphere and lower stratosphere. This work presents a
                      diagnosis of stratospheric air in the tropical western
                      Pacific midtroposphere through isentropic transport and
                      mixing. Using the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the
                      Stratosphere, we characterize and quantify the contribution
                      of transported stratospheric air to the observed HOLW
                      layers. The result indicates that the isentropic transport
                      is an effective process for stratospheric air to mix into
                      the tropical midtroposphere. Using the modeled stratospheric
                      tracer and 3‐D back trajectories, we identified that
                      $60\%$ of the observed HOLW air masses contain significant
                      stratospheric influence. We have also examined possible
                      contribution to the HOLW layer from ozone production related
                      to biomass burning emissions. Clear chemical signature of
                      this process is found in $∼8\%$ of the HOLW air masses,
                      identified by positive correlations among O3, HCN, and CO.
                      This analysis provides the first quantitative diagnosis of
                      the contribution from the stratosphere‐to‐troposphere
                      transport, highlights the importance of mixing in chemical
                      transport, and demonstrates the limitations of pure
                      Lagrangian trajectory calculations in quantifying
                      transport.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000445617500048},
      doi          = {10.1029/2018JD028696},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/850805},
}